本文關(guān)鍵詞：閱讀障礙兒童單字詞加工的工作記憶研究　出處：《湖南師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：目的：通過閱讀障礙組和正常對照組兒童對單個漢字的讀音、字形的匹配判斷,考察閱讀障礙兒童工作記憶的言語(語音回路)、視覺子系統(tǒng)(視空模板)的缺陷及其神經(jīng)機制。 方法：(1)采用精神障礙診斷和統(tǒng)計手冊第四版(DSM-IV-TR)、韋氏兒童智力測驗中國修訂版第四版(WISC-IV)和小學生多重成就測驗(MATs)等量表,結(jié)合教師的評定和學生成績,從600名3-5年級小學生中篩選出21名閱讀障礙兒童作為實驗組,另選22名正常兒童組成對照組。(2)采用n-back工作記憶范式(取n=2水平),以兒童所熟悉的漢字單字詞為實驗材料,以完全匹配與不匹配兩種刺激模式,對漢字的字音和字形分別進行ERP實驗研究。 結(jié)果：(1)行為數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果表明,正常對照組兒童字音的正確率明顯高于閱讀障礙組的(F(1,30)=6.835,p=0.014,η2=0.186)；匹配刺激類型的反應(yīng)時明顯長于不匹配刺激類型的(F(1,30)=48.456,p=0.000,η2=0.602)。在字形反應(yīng)上,主效應(yīng)和交互效應(yīng)均不顯著。(2)腦電結(jié)果表明,與正常組兒童相比,閱讀障礙兒童在字音反應(yīng)上左枕顳波幅小于右枕顳,早期N2波幅下降、VPP波幅增加、晚期LPP波幅下降；VPP潛伏期明顯高于對照組；匹配刺激N2潛伏期明顯高于不匹配刺激,對照組無類似顯著差異。與正常兒童相比,閱讀障礙兒童字形反應(yīng)早期Nl波幅增加、晚期LPP波幅下降,早成分及晚成分的潛伏期上閱讀障礙組與對照組差異不顯著。 結(jié)論：(1)閱讀障礙兒童在字音和字形實驗上的ERP晚期成分上都表現(xiàn)出在頂中區(qū)的激活不足,提示頂中區(qū)功能不良可能是工作記憶缺陷的神經(jīng)機制。(2)與對照組相比,閱讀障礙組在字音和字形反應(yīng)上都表現(xiàn)出早期ERP成分波幅增加,晚期LPP波幅下降的現(xiàn)象,說明在字音與字形的早期識別階段閱讀障礙兒童需要消耗過多的心理資源,進而影響到其后續(xù)的工作記憶加工活動效能。(3)閱讀障礙兒童言語加工上存在左腦偏側(cè)化,而視覺加工上則表現(xiàn)出全腦性不足,這說明閱讀障礙兒童全腦協(xié)調(diào)能力較正常兒童低下,且字形的加工在早期識別上可能作用更大。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the speech (phonological loop) of working memory of dyslexic children by matching the pronunciation and shape of individual Chinese characters between the dyslexia group and the normal control group. The defect of visual subsystem (visual space template) and its neural mechanism. Methods DSM-IV-TR1 was used in 4th edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-IV-TR1). Wechsler Children's Intelligence Test (WISC-IV) and multiple Achievement Test for pupils (WISC-IV), Chinese version 4th, combined with teachers' assessment and students' scores. Twenty-one children with dyslexia were selected from 600 pupils of grade 3-5 as experimental group. Another 22 normal children were selected as control group (n-back working memory paradigm). The sound and shape of Chinese characters were studied by ERP experiment in two stimulus modes: perfect match and mismatch. Results the results of behavior data showed that the correct rate of Chinese characters in normal children was significantly higher than that in dyslexia group (6.835 / 0.014). 畏 _ 2 ~ (0.186); The response time of matching stimulus type was significantly longer than that of non-matching stimulus type, 48.456p0. 000, 畏 2 + 0. 602 in the zigzag response. The results of EEG showed that the amplitude of left occipito-temporal wave was lower in reading impaired children than that in right occipito-temporal response, and the amplitude of N _ 2 wave in early stage was lower than that in normal group. The amplitude of VPP increased and the amplitude of LPP decreased in late stage. The latency of VPP was significantly higher than that of control group. The N _ 2 latency of matched stimulation was significantly higher than that of mismatched stimulation, but there was no similar significant difference in the control group. Compared with the normal children, the N _ l amplitude in the early stage of glyph reaction in children with dyslexia increased, but the amplitude of LPP decreased in the late stage. There was no significant difference in latency of early and late components between dyslexia group and control group. Conclusion (1) the late components of ERP in dyslexia children showed insufficient activation in the central parietal region in both phonetic and glyph tests. The results suggest that the central parietal dysfunction may be the neural mechanism of working memory impairment.) compared with the control group, the dyslexia group showed an early increase in the amplitude of ERP components in both phonetic and glyphic responses. The decline of LPP amplitude in the late stage indicates that children with dyslexia need to consume too much psychological resources in the early recognition of phonetic and glyph. Thus affecting its subsequent working memory processing efficiency. 3) Children with dyslexia have left brain lateralization in speech processing, while the visual processing shows a lack of the whole brain. This indicates that the whole brain coordination ability of children with dyslexia is lower than that of normal children, and the processing of glyph may play a more important role in early recognition.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G625.5;G442

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