【摘要】：亨利·詹姆斯是19世紀(jì)美國現(xiàn)實主義小說家,詹姆斯的主要作品是小說,此外也寫了許多文學(xué)評論、游記、傳記和劇本。被一致認(rèn)為是心理分析小說的開創(chuàng)者之一,他對人的行為的認(rèn)識有獨到之處,是20世紀(jì)小說的意識流寫作技巧的先驅(qū)�！堵萁z在擰緊》是其為數(shù)不多的一篇哥特小說,自出版以來一直廣受爭議。本文從�？履暲碚摰慕嵌冉o予女教師全新的解釋。本文共分為三章,第一章主要探討了女教師作為觀看客體的形象,首先,其作為女性的失聲形象,主要表現(xiàn)在小說中的男性,無論是兩位敘述者還是男主人,他們都從男性凝視的角度出發(fā)來打量家庭女教師,僅僅將女教師作為凝視的對象,欲望的客體,并未把家庭女教師當(dāng)作與之對等的人來欣賞,而是男權(quán)社會中男性站在高位對女性作為下位者的一種俯看。在維多利亞時期的男權(quán)社會,即使男性的某些行為與道德相悖,自身仍能避開道德審判,并且在這一過程中社會的力量也會助其逃脫罪責(zé)與懲罰,在此,詹姆斯對這種社會現(xiàn)象的批判是次要的,其主要目的是啟發(fā)人們對此進(jìn)行思考與反思。第二章主要探討了女教師作為觀看主體的形象。家庭女教師雖然作為主體在觀看,但是她的觀看仍然帶有濃重的被觀看意識,這主要體現(xiàn)在兩個方面:一,對莊園和兩個孩子及格羅斯太太的觀看體現(xiàn)出女教師男性目光下注視的自己,表現(xiàn)了女教師的他者地位,這不僅體現(xiàn)在女教師的社會地位上、經(jīng)濟(jì)上,而且還體現(xiàn)在思想上。第三章主要探討了女教師的反凝視形象。女教師雖然處于眾多的凝視目光之下,習(xí)慣于被觀看、被凝視,但在這種凝視的目光下,女教師仍然部分保留了自我意識,這種自我主體性并未被社會完全湮沒。本文通過�？碌哪暲碚撎接懥恕堵萁z在擰緊》中女教師的這一人物形象,發(fā)現(xiàn)女教師在凝視所帶來的目光壓力下所表現(xiàn)出的自我物化,雖然女教師經(jīng)常處于被凝視的地位,但仍然部分保留了自我意識,從而揭示女教師這一人物形象自我主體性的復(fù)雜性,并且表現(xiàn)出詹姆斯作為男性作家對女性的關(guān)注及思考。
[Abstract]:Henry James was a 19 th-century American realistic novelist whose main work was fiction. He also wrote many literary reviews, travels, biographies and screenplays. Widely regarded as one of the pioneers of psychoanalytic novels, he has a unique understanding of human behavior and is a pioneer in stream-of-consciousness writing techniques in 20th century novels. "screws in tightening" is one of his few Gothic novels. There has been a lot of controversy since its publication. This paper gives a new explanation to female teachers from the perspective of Foucault's gaze theory. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the image of female teacher as the object of watching. Firstly, the female teacher's silent image is mainly manifested in the male in the novel, whether the two narrators or the male master. They all look at governess teachers from the angle of male gaze, only regard female teachers as the object of gaze, the object of desire, do not regard governess teachers as equivalent persons to appreciate. It is a kind of looking down to the female as the inferior in the patriarchal society. In Victorian patriarchal society, even when certain behaviors of men were contrary to morality, they were able to avoid moral judgment, and in the process social forces could help them escape from guilt and punishment. James' criticism of this social phenomenon is secondary, and its main purpose is to inspire people to think and reflect on it. The second chapter mainly discusses the image of female teachers as the subject of viewing. Although the governess is watching as the subject, she still has a strong sense of being watched, which is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, The view of the manor and the two children and Mrs. Gross reflects the female teacher and the male gaze, and the other status of the female teacher, which is not only reflected in the social status and economy of the female teacher, but also in the thought. The third chapter mainly discusses the female teacher's anti-gaze image. Although female teachers are under the gaze of many people, they are used to being watched and gazed at, but under the gaze of this kind of gaze, the female teachers still partially retain their self-consciousness, and this self-subjectivity has not been completely annihilated by the society. Based on Foucault's gaze theory, this paper discusses the figure of female teacher in screw tightening, and finds out that female teacher is self-materialized under the pressure of gaze, although female teacher is often in the position of being gazed at. However, the self-consciousness is still partially retained, thus revealing the complexity of self-subjectivity in the figure of female teacher, and showing James' concern and reflection on women as a male writer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：I712.074

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本文編號：2283718