本文選題：母性書寫　切入點：主體性　出處：《北京外國語大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：母親身份是女性主義理論的核心部分。女性運動第二次浪潮以來,朱莉亞·克里斯蒂娃(Julia Kristeva).露西·伊利格瑞(Luce Irigaray).艾德里娜·里奇(Adrienne Rich).南�！潭嗔_(Nancy Chodorow).薩拉·拉迪克(Sara Ruddick).卡羅爾·吉利根(Carol Gilligan)等分別從不同的角度聚焦于母親,使母性理論在廣度與深度上獲得前所未有的豐收。與之相應(yīng),女性小說家也開始從考察自己與母親的關(guān)系、建構(gòu)自我的主體性出發(fā),將目光轉(zhuǎn)向母親,使之從沉默的幕后走出來并逐漸獲得自己的話語。隨著女性主義理論的不斷深入發(fā)展,美國當(dāng)代女性小說家在書寫母親的過程中經(jīng)歷了從拒絕成為母親,到渴望尋找母親的譜系并試圖確立母親的主體性這一過程,而如何使母親從被需要的客體成為獲得自我的主體成為母性書寫不可回避的核心問題。對此,不同的女作家從不同的角度尋找著答案。本文通過西爾維婭·普拉斯(Sylvia Plath)、湯亭亭(Maxine Hong Kingston).托妮·莫里森(Toni Morrison).路易斯·厄德里奇(Louise Erdrich).蘇·米勒(Sue Miller).瑪麗·戈登(Mary Gordon)、芭芭拉·金索佛(Barbara Kingsolver)這七位美國當(dāng)代女性小說家的七部作品,即《鐘形罩》(The Bell Jar,1963)、《女勇士》(The Woman Warrior,1976)、《男人與天使》(Men and Angels,1986)、《寵兒》(Beloved,1987)、《好母親》(The Good Mother,1986)、《愛藥》(Love Medicine,1984)、《豆樹青青》(The Bean Trees,1988)來討論母親主體的建構(gòu)之旅。本文將“對母親主體的呼喚”、“成為愛的主體”、“成為身體的主體”以及“成為身份的主體”這四個維度來分析當(dāng)代美國女性小說家的母性書寫及其對母親主體性的建構(gòu)。在“對母親主體的呼喚”這一章中,本文利用伊利格瑞等人的弒母理論以及心理分析方法對《鐘形罩》與《女勇士》中母親在女兒的書寫中受到他者化,乃至遭受謀殺的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析,并結(jié)合五六十年代的社會文化背景討論母親從失語到開始自己的言說這一歷史過程�！俺蔀閻鄣闹黧w”這一章結(jié)合本杰明、伊里格瑞等人有關(guān)愛的理論以及吉利根等人的女性主義倫理理論分析《寵兒》與《男人與天使》中提出的關(guān)于母愛的問題,并討論母親成為愛的主體的內(nèi)涵及對母親主體建構(gòu)的意義。在“成為身體的主體”部分,本文通過對《好母親》與《愛藥》的解讀,考察父權(quán)文化下被消解或扼制的母親的身體,并分析身體與母親的自我之間的關(guān)系。最后,本文最后一章“成為身份的主體”通過《豆樹青青》與《愛藥》中書寫的替養(yǎng)母親討論當(dāng)代女性在母親身份選擇上如何體現(xiàn)出自主性,從而成為其身份的主體。 尋找母親自己的話語、書寫母親自己的經(jīng)歷—這已成為當(dāng)代女性小說家的重要使命。本文中討論的母親從女兒書寫中的他者成為多樣化的存在,無論是舍棄自己的孩子,還是縱情于身體之欲,還是拒絕通過傳統(tǒng)的婚姻生養(yǎng)孩子,美國當(dāng)代女性小說家筆下的母親并沒有拋棄作為母親的責(zé)任,她們以血肉之軀尋找著自我的存在,使自己不再作為父權(quán)社會一廂情愿的客體被表述,而是作為行動的主體賦予母親新的生命。本文以當(dāng)代西方主要母性理論為理論框架分析所涉及的文本,從歷史與現(xiàn)實的角度解讀當(dāng)代女性作家在其母性書寫中對母親主體性的建構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:Motherhood is a core part of feminist theory. Since the second wave of feminist movement, Julia Christiva (Julia Kristeva). Lucy Iligri (Luce Irigaray). Adelina Rich (Adrienne Rich). Nancy Chodorow (Nancy Chodorow), La Radek (Sara Ruddick). Carol Gilligan (Carol Gilligan) respectively from different angle focusing from the mother, the maternal theory hitherto unknown harvest in breadth and depth. Accordingly, women writers also started examining their relationship with her mother, the construction of subjectivity of the self starting, turning to the mother, the silent scenes came out and gradually get their own discourse. With the further development of women the theory, contemporary American female novelists in the process of writing the experience from the mother refused to become a mother, looking for a mother to The pedigree and attempt to establish the process of subjectivity mother, but how to make the mother from the object to be self subject becomes a key problem in maternal writing can not be avoided. In this regard, female writers from different angle looking for answers. This paper by Silvia Plath (Sylvia Plath), Tang Tingting (Maxine Hong Kingston) (Toni Morrison). Toni Morrison. Luis Oderich (Louise Erdrich). Sue Miller (Sue Miller). Mary Gordon (Mary Gordon), Barbara King (Barbara Kingsolver) sulfonal the seven contemporary American female novelists of the seven works, namely "the bell jar" (The Bell Jar, 1963). "The woman warrior (The > Woman Warrior, 1976), men and Angels (Men < > and Angels < > 1986), darling (Beloved, 1987)," good mother (The Good > Mother, < > 1986), love medicine (Love Medicine, 1984), "green bean tree (The > Bean Trees 1988), to discuss the construction of mother body tour. The "mother of the main call", "has become the subject of love", "a body" and "become the identity of the subject of the four dimensions to analyze the contemporary American female novelists and maternal writing construction of mother's subjectivity. In the" mother call subject "in this chapter, using the theory of matricide Irigaray's and psychological analysis of < bell > > < mother and the woman warrior by others in her writing, and even suffered the murder of analysis, combined with the social and cultural background on 50s and 60s from the mother aphasia to began his speech this historical process." as the subject of love "this chapter with Benjamin, Luce Irigaray et al related theory of love and Gilligan et al of feminist ethics theory". The problems are put forward about motherhood "and" men and angels >, and discuss the connotation of the mother has become the subject of love and mother of subject construction. In "become the body", through the interpretation of the "good mother" and "Love Medicine >, examine the digestion or control of the mother the body of the patriarchal culture, and analyze the relationship between the body and the mother's self. Finally, the last chapter" become identity subject "by" green bean tree "and" Love Medicine > writes for discussion of contemporary women in the foster mother mother identity choice how to embody the independence, and thus become the main body of the identity.
Looking for his mother's words, his mother writing experience - which has become an important mission of contemporary women writers are discussed in this paper. The mother from her daughter in the writing of others become diversified, whether to abandon their children, or indulge in physical desire, also refused to have children through traditional marriage, contemporary American female novelist's mother did not abandon their responsibilities as a mother, looking for self existence in flesh and blood, so that they no longer as the object of the patriarchal society of wishful thinking is expressed as the main line, but the mother gives new life. The contemporary western main theory as the theoretical framework for analyzing the maternal text involved and the interpretation of contemporary female writer in the maternal writing to mother in the construction of subjectivity in the view of history and reality.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I712.074

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