本文選題：目標(biāo)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng) + 非目標(biāo)語素項(xiàng)　； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在漢語構(gòu)詞研究中,通常將語素視為一個(gè)整體單位。不過,若語素為多義語素,這種宏觀研究就難以揭示不同義項(xiàng)下的語素的構(gòu)詞差異�；诖�,本文將語素構(gòu)詞研究細(xì)化到語素項(xiàng)層面。本文以篩選確定的17個(gè)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)為研究對(duì)象,從語法組合、語義組合和詞義生成模式三大方面研究這些動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)的構(gòu)詞特征、構(gòu)詞能力、組合特點(diǎn)和生成模式,研究結(jié)論豐富了現(xiàn)代漢語構(gòu)詞理論,也為漢語信息處理尤其是詞處理提供了基礎(chǔ)。首先,篩選和確定研究對(duì)象并進(jìn)行語法及語義信息標(biāo)注。本文以《現(xiàn)代漢語頻率詞典》附錄表八“漢字構(gòu)詞能力分析”和《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》為底本,確定17個(gè)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)為研究對(duì)象,其構(gòu)成的547個(gè)復(fù)合詞為研究語料。此外,調(diào)整非目標(biāo)語素項(xiàng)的素義,并對(duì)部分非目標(biāo)語素項(xiàng)的語法類別進(jìn)行標(biāo)注。同時(shí),結(jié)合語義并根據(jù)相關(guān)原則,將復(fù)合詞歸入到相應(yīng)的目標(biāo)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)的構(gòu)詞范圍內(nèi)。其次,考察目標(biāo)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)與非目標(biāo)語素項(xiàng)的語法組合情況。目標(biāo)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)(v)可以與名(n)、動(dòng)(v')、形(a)、副(f)、代(d)這5種語法類別的非目標(biāo)語素項(xiàng)組合,共形成8種語法構(gòu)詞模式:v+n、n+v、v+v'、v'+v、v+a、a+v、d+v、f+v。通過對(duì)各構(gòu)詞模式的考察,一方面,得到了目標(biāo)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)與非目標(biāo)語素項(xiàng)構(gòu)詞的強(qiáng)勢組合模式,即動(dòng)動(dòng)組合(v+v'和v'+v);若考慮構(gòu)詞位置,結(jié)論如下:(1)v居左時(shí),“v+n”為強(qiáng)勢組合模式;(2)v居右時(shí),“v'+v”為強(qiáng)勢組合模式。另一方面闡明了語素項(xiàng)的語法類別與復(fù)合詞詞類之間的關(guān)系。當(dāng)同一語法類別的語素項(xiàng)組合,所構(gòu)復(fù)合詞的詞性與語素項(xiàng)詞性一致;當(dāng)不同語法類別的語素項(xiàng)組合時(shí),多數(shù)復(fù)合詞的詞性與構(gòu)詞的某一語素項(xiàng)的詞性保持一致�；诖�,本文進(jìn)一步從復(fù)合詞的語法結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系和語素項(xiàng)的語法構(gòu)詞模式兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)行雙向分析,得到了各語素項(xiàng)組合模式所涉及的復(fù)合詞結(jié)構(gòu)以及不同的復(fù)合詞結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)語素項(xiàng)語法構(gòu)詞模式的選擇情況。再次,考察目標(biāo)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)與非目標(biāo)語素項(xiàng)的語義組合情況。動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)與名、動(dòng)、形非目標(biāo)語素項(xiàng)的語義組合為主要考察對(duì)象�；谇百t的研究成果,對(duì)本研究中涉及到的所有動(dòng)、名、形語素項(xiàng)進(jìn)行了語義分類。其中目標(biāo)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng),涉及[動(dòng)作]類、[活動(dòng)]類、[狀態(tài)]類和[生理現(xiàn)象]四大類。在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步考察了這各類目標(biāo)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)對(duì)名、動(dòng)、形非目標(biāo)語素項(xiàng)的語義選擇機(jī)制,得到57種語義組合模式。同時(shí),從質(zhì)和量的角度分析了某義類下的各目標(biāo)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)與以上三類非目標(biāo)語素項(xiàng)的組合差異。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與v'組合時(shí),v與同一語義類的v'優(yōu)先組合;與n組合時(shí),[動(dòng)作]類v與[非生物]類n優(yōu)先組合,[活動(dòng)]類v與[信息]類n優(yōu)先組合,[狀態(tài)]類v與[屬性]類n優(yōu)先組合,[生理現(xiàn)象]類v與[生物]類n優(yōu)先組合;與a組合時(shí),v優(yōu)先與[物性值]類a組合。最后,考察目標(biāo)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)構(gòu)詞的語義生成模式。借鑒詞義球結(jié)構(gòu)理論,分析了四種義類下的目標(biāo)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)所形成的復(fù)合詞的詞義結(jié)構(gòu),尤其是分析了這些復(fù)合詞詞義要素(對(duì)象義、屬性義和特征值義)和義層(指示義層和蘊(yùn)涵義層)。最終歸納出目標(biāo)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)兩種語義生成模式:(1)目標(biāo)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)所表示的義類為對(duì)象義,處于顯性獨(dú)立地位,是唯一的,屬性義和特征值義是多元的;(2)非目標(biāo)語素項(xiàng)所表示的義類為對(duì)象義,處于顯性獨(dú)立地位,目標(biāo)動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)所表示的義類則為特征值義,顯性依附。本文屬于基于標(biāo)注語料庫的定量研究。由于時(shí)間、能力以及研究對(duì)象數(shù)量等方面的限制,研究還比較粗淺。這一領(lǐng)域還有很多選題,特別是動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)義類與構(gòu)詞能力之間的關(guān)系、動(dòng)語素項(xiàng)義類對(duì)詞義生成模式的制約都有待深化。
[Abstract]:In the study of Chinese word formation, the morpheme is usually regarded as a whole unit. However, if the morpheme is polysemous, this macro study is difficult to reveal the difference of word formation in the morphemes of different items. Based on this, this paper refines the morpheme word formation study to the morpheme level. In this paper, 17 selected morphemes are selected as the research object, from the grammar. In the three aspects of combination, semantic combination and word meaning generation model, this paper studies the word formation features, word formation ability, combination characteristics and generation patterns of these morpheme items. The research conclusions enrich the modern Chinese word formation theory, and also provide the basis for Chinese information processing, especially word processing. First, select and determine the research object and carry on the grammatical and semantic letter. In this paper, in this paper, eight "Chinese characters word formation ability analysis" and "modern Chinese Dictionary" are used as the base of "modern Chinese Frequency Dictionary", and 17 verb morphemes are selected as the research object, and the 547 compound words are the research corpus. In addition, the meaning of the non target morphemes is adjusted and the grammatical categories of some non target morphemes are subject to the standard. At the same time, combining the semantics and according to the relevant principles, the compound words are classified into the corresponding range of the corresponding target verb morphemes. Secondly, the grammatical combination of the target verb morpheme item and the non target morpheme item is examined. The target verb morpheme term (V) can be combined with the non objective morphemes of the 5 grammatical categories, named (n), dynamic (V'), form (f), and D (d). A total of 8 grammatical word formation patterns are formed: v+n, n+v, v+v', v'+v, v+a, a+v, d+v, and f+v. through the investigation of each word formation pattern. On the one hand, the strong combination mode of the target verb morpheme term and the non target morpheme term is obtained, that is, the dynamic combination (v+v' and v'+v). If the position of the word is considered, the conclusion is as follows: (1) v+n is a strong combination pattern; (2) On the right, "v'+v" is a strong combination mode. On the other hand, it clarifies the relationship between the grammatical category of morpheme item and the compound word class. When the morpheme item of the same grammatical category is combined, the word character of the compound is consistent with the morpheme term; when the morpheme items of different grammatical categories are combined, the word character of most compound words and the word formation of the word Based on this, this paper further analyzes the grammatical structure of the compound words and the grammatical word formation pattern of morpheme items in two directions, and obtains the composition of the compound words involved in the combination of morpheme terms and the choice of the morpheme term grammatical word formation pattern by different compound words. The semantic combination of the target verb morpheme item and the non objective morpheme term. The semantic combination of the verb morpheme item and the name, the verb and the nonobjective morpheme is the main object. Based on the previous achievements, the semantic classification of all the verb, name and morpheme items involved in this study is carried out. On the basis of the four categories of [state] and [physiological phenomena], we further examine the semantic selection mechanism of the morpheme items of these targets to the name, dynamic and nonobjective morphemes, and get 57 semantic combination patterns. At the same time, the combination of the target morphemes and the above three kinds of non objective morphemes under the sense of quality and quantity is analyzed. Differences. The study found that, when combined with V', V is a V' priority combination with the same semantic class; when combined with N, [action] class V and [abiotic] n priority combinations, [active] V and [information] n priority combinations, [state] class V and [attribute] n priority combinations, [physiological phenomena] V and [biological] class n as precedence combinations; Finally, the semantic generation pattern of the target verb morpheme word formation is examined. By using the meaning ball structure theory, the meaning structure of the compound words formed by the target verb morphemes under the four kinds of semantic categories is analyzed, especially the analysis of these compound word meaning elements (object meaning, attribute meaning and special value meaning) and the meaning layer (indicating meaning layer and implication meaning layer). Two kinds of semantic generation patterns of target verb morphemes are summed up: (1) the meaning class expressed by the target verb morpheme item is the object meaning, in the dominant independent position, it is unique, the attribute meaning and the characteristic value sense are multiple; (2) the meaning class expressed by the non objective morpheme term is the object meaning, and it is in the dominant independent status, and the meaning class expressed by the target verb morpheme term is the same. This paper is based on the quantitative study of tagged corpus. The research is still relatively shallow because of the limitation of time, ability and the number of research objects. There are many topics in this field, especially the relationship between the semantic category of the morpheme and the ability of word formation, and the restriction of the semantic category of the morpheme on the pattern of word meaning generation. It needs to be deepened.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H146.1
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本文編號(hào)：1965897