本文選題：V個VP + 結(jié)構(gòu)義��； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代漢語中的常用結(jié)構(gòu)“V個VP”具備致使事件義、變化義和主觀極大量義,“V”位置上的動詞成分多具備[+致使性][+動作性][+自主性]的語義特征,其次,“VP”位置上的成分多為單詞類的性質(zhì)形容詞和狀態(tài)形容詞或結(jié)構(gòu)凝練的謂詞性短語,形容詞自身具備變化義與描寫義,在語義上多是說明中心動詞“V”表示的動作行為帶來的變化和結(jié)果,并且多是超常規(guī)或超預(yù)期的結(jié)果。我們將結(jié)構(gòu)義與變項成分的特性結(jié)合,總結(jié)出該結(jié)構(gòu)義對變項選擇性的三個表現(xiàn):一是結(jié)構(gòu)義對其內(nèi)部變項“V”和“VP”具有選擇性,具體來說,常項“個”是整體結(jié)構(gòu)意義的標(biāo)記,對變項“V”和“VP”成分的選擇一定存在某種牽制。二是不同的結(jié)構(gòu)義對不同的成分有不同的選擇性,如:變項“V”框架內(nèi),結(jié)構(gòu)的致使事件義影響致使范疇下動詞的選擇度,有界性影響界性動詞的選擇度,又如變項“VP”框架內(nèi),結(jié)構(gòu)的致使事件義和變化義影響不同狀態(tài)意義形容詞的選擇度,指稱性影響不同形式或句法結(jié)構(gòu)成分的選擇度,結(jié)構(gòu)的主觀大量義異態(tài)量影響對具備不同量性或量級的成分的選擇等,甚至于結(jié)構(gòu)的焦點標(biāo)記功能和指稱性也會給不同成分的進入帶來影響。三是結(jié)構(gòu)義與外部環(huán)境間的協(xié)調(diào)性和互動性,結(jié)構(gòu)意義需要一個相容的語境來體現(xiàn)。具體體現(xiàn)為以下三點:一是具備有界意義的“V個VP”與未然性和已然性事件相匹配,排斥活動性事件。二是結(jié)構(gòu)所在語篇包括“主觀小量——主觀大量”和“主觀預(yù)期量——實際量”兩種語義序列形式,體現(xiàn)了“V個VP”主觀量的形成機制(一是對比主觀小量而形成,二是對比心理期待量而形成,三是本身的夸張語義)。三是“V個VP”具備的結(jié)果義和主觀評價義使其一般不出現(xiàn)在有疑而問的真值疑問句中�！癡個VP”對變項的選擇存在異質(zhì)語言現(xiàn)象,如“V”位置上出現(xiàn)無界動詞、非致使義動詞、非自主動詞,“VP”位置上出現(xiàn)小量成分,這些語義、功能上不匹配的成分在進入結(jié)構(gòu)后受其壓制發(fā)生了語義變化和功能擴展,遵循了結(jié)構(gòu)的整體意義,最終與結(jié)構(gòu)義相和諧。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, the common structure "V VP" has the semantic characteristics of causative event, variable meaning and a great deal of subjective meaning. Most of the verb components in "V" position have the semantic characteristics of "causality" [action] [autonomy]. Most of the elements in the position of "VP" are the nature adjectives of the category of words and the adjectives of the state or the predicate phrases with condensed structure. The adjectives themselves have the changing meaning and the descriptive meaning. In terms of semantics, it is mainly about the changes and results brought about by the action behavior represented by the central verb "V", and most of them are the result of supernormal or surpassing expectations. We combine the characteristics of structural meaning with variable component, and summarize three manifestations of structural meaning selectivity to variables: one is that structural meaning is selective to its internal variables "V" and "VP", specifically speaking, the structural meaning is selective to its internal variables "V" and "VP". The constant term "individual" is the mark of the whole structural meaning, and there must be some restraint on the selection of the variables "V" and "VP". Second, different structural meanings have different selectivity to different components, such as: in the frame of variable "V", the causative event of structure affects the choice of verbs under the category of causative events, and the boundedness affects the choice of bounded verbs. In the framework of variable "VP", the causative event meaning and changing meaning of structure affect the choice of adjectives with different state meanings, and referential influence the selection degree of different forms or syntactic structural components. The influence of a large number of subjective heteromorphisms on the selection of components with different quantities or orders of magnitude, and even the focal point marker function and referential function of the structure, will also affect the entry of different components. Third, the coordination and interaction between structural meaning and external environment, structural meaning needs a compatible context to reflect. The first is that V VP, which has bounded meaning, matches with the events of preexistence and already, and repels the active events. The second is that the discourse in which the structure is located consists of two semantic sequential forms of "subjective small quantity-subjective large quantity" and "subjective expectation quantity-actual quantity", which embodies the formation mechanism of "V VP" subjective quantity. Second, the comparison of psychological expectations and the formation of the third is its own hyperbole. Third, the result meaning and subjective evaluation meaning of "V VP" make it generally not appear in the question of true value interrogative sentence. "V VP" has heterogeneous linguistic phenomenon in the selection of variables, such as the unbounded verb in "V" position. Non-causative verbs, involuntary verbs, "VP" positions appear in a small number of components, these semantic, functional mismatch elements after entering the structure by its suppression of semantic changes and functional expansion, following the overall meaning of the structure, Finally, harmony with structural meaning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H146.3

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