Heavy Drinking Behavior among Adult Men in Urban Areas of China

Response to Q1:
美國(guó)衛(wèi)生和人類服務(wù)部規(guī)定，重度飲酒標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是男性飲酒超過每天兩單位，每周超過14單位，女性每天飲酒超過一單位，，每周超過七單位（1個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)單位：純酒精14克）。酗酒是一個(gè)公共衛(wèi)生問題，酗酒和濫用會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)健康問題。建議飲用應(yīng)控制在適當(dāng)?shù)南薅龋怀赡昴行燥嬀撇怀^25克一天，成年女性為15g。適度飲酒可以使人感覺良好，保持活躍，而過量飲酒可能對(duì)酒精的內(nèi)部器官，造成損害的免疫系統(tǒng)，和其他癥狀如抑郁、焦慮、敵對(duì)、恐怖、偏執(zhí)、精神病性、伴隨著缺乏自控能力和責(zé)任感，社交障礙等現(xiàn)象。酗酒還會(huì)帶來一些社會(huì)問題，如失業(yè)、家庭破裂、無家可歸、經(jīng)濟(jì)損失、交通事故和故意傷害。U.S. Department of Health and Human Services defines the heavy drinking as male drink more than two units per day, more than 14 units a week and female drink more than one unit per day, more than seven units per week (1 standard unit: 14 grams of pure alcohol). Heavy drinking is a public health problem; alcohol use and abuse lead to social health problems. It is suggested that the drinking should be controlled at the appropriate limit; adult men’s drinking does not exceed 25g one day, adult women for 15g. Moderate drinking can make people feel good and stay active, while heavy drinking can cause harm for alcoholic’s internal organs, immune system, and the drinkers have the symptoms like depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, paranoia and psychosis, accompanied by a lack of self-control ability and responsibility, social dysfunction and other phenomena (Room et al. 2005). Heavy drinking also brings some social issues, such as unemployment, family broke up, homeless, financial loss, traffic accidents and intentional injury.

Response to Q2:
Adult men aged over 18 who live in urban areas of China are the intended audience in this research. The researcher pointed out that although more than half of adult men in China do not drink, drinkers drink average 15.1 liters of pure alcohol per year, equivalent to 40 ml of alcohol every day, which is more than adult men’s drinking in the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Australia, New Zealand and many other countries (Drope, 2012). Heavy drinking poses influence on adult men in urban areas of China, which leads to their individual psychological and social dysfunction, directly affect the physical and mental health, marriage, family and achievement of various social functions. As the wine culture has a long history in China, the wine has a pivotal role in Chinese social life (Rueger et al. 2015). The reason to choose the intended audience is that Chinese adult men are easily immersed in excessive drinking and adult men play important role in families and society because of Chinese traditional culture.
Clinical studies have shown that the evaluation scores of heavy drinkers’ social acceptance degree, resilience, autonomy and self-esteem are low (ML, 1988). At the same time the scores of individual in depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, paranoia and mental factors are significantly higher. Drinkers’ scores in interpersonal evaluation, rationality and intellectuality are lower than the control group. Therefore, the chronic alcoholics often lack a sense of responsibility and self-control, and get dissatisfied with reasonable criticism. Heavy drinking often occurs in the lower social strata crowd, alcoholic’s parents often drink excessive alcohols. Alcoholics usually regard the heavy drinking as an important way to vent out intense psychological potential due to the inner conflict and psychological conflicts. 

Reference文獻(xiàn)

Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, Chapter 3- Foods and Food Components to Reduce, 7th Edition, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office: 2010, 30-32
Drope, J. (2012), Trade and public health: the WTO, tobacco, alcohol and diet by Benn McGrady Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011. General Information, Special 2, 342-346
ML., W. (1988), Organic mental disorders associated with heavy drinking and alcohol dependence, Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 4
Room, R., Babor, T. & Rehm, J. (2005), Alcohol and public health, Lancet, 365(9): 519-530
Rueger, Y., Hu, H., McNamara, P., Cao, D., Hao, W., & King, C. (2015), Differences in subjective response to alcohol in heavy- and light-drinking Chinese men versus Caucasian American men, Addiction,110(1): 91–99

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