高階英語學(xué)習(xí)詞典中學(xué)術(shù)英語詞束表征研究
發(fā)布時間：2020-09-28 11:19
以單個詞為中心的詞典編纂傳統(tǒng)和語料庫研究所揭示的語言短語趨向之間存在矛盾。一方面,紙質(zhì)和電子詞典通常將單個詞作為詞目組織的主要索引單位(詞目詞)。另一方面,語料庫研究發(fā)現(xiàn),短語經(jīng)常具有重要的語用和語篇功能,一些短語單位本身就是意義承載者。和單個詞相比,詞典對短語的處理往往不夠凸顯、不夠充分。與此同時,有越來越多的研究開始研發(fā)學(xué)術(shù)英語短語列表,目的是為了幫助非本族語者和寫作新手進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)寫作。而一些在線學(xué)術(shù)英語詞典也開始對詞束(lexical bundles)這類短語進(jìn)行表征。不過應(yīng)當(dāng)指出,這些短語列表主要是用于教學(xué)目的,無法直接用作詞典詞目詞,而在線詞典對于詞束的描寫和表征方面還有較大提升的空間。鑒于此,本研究試圖用實(shí)證方法創(chuàng)建一個面向詞典編纂的詞束列表,這些詞束在通用學(xué)術(shù)英語寫作中高頻出現(xiàn),并被認(rèn)為適合作為詞目詞。我們先是利用Sketch Engine來自動提取一個詞束列表,然后依靠可復(fù)制的人工篩查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和統(tǒng)計手段去掉不合適的詞束,最后得到了80個四詞目標(biāo)詞束。我們接著從詞束覆蓋度、宏觀和微觀結(jié)構(gòu)等方面定量分析了目標(biāo)詞束在高階英語學(xué)習(xí)詞典中的表征情況。此外,為進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)詞典對于詞束的處理,我們比較了兩種擴(kuò)展詞束描寫的方法(頻率法和搭配法),發(fā)現(xiàn)通過搭配法來擴(kuò)展四詞詞束更為有效�；谶@些發(fā)現(xiàn),我們最后提出了一個改進(jìn)學(xué)術(shù)英語詞束詞典處理的新模型。本研究主要有以下發(fā)現(xiàn):一、方法層面上,證明了創(chuàng)建一個面向在線英語學(xué)習(xí)詞典編纂(非本族語者和寫作新手為目標(biāo)用戶)的學(xué)術(shù)英語詞束列表是可行的;二、定量分析表明,目標(biāo)詞束的表征因詞典而異,表征程度普遍不夠充分;三、發(fā)現(xiàn)并實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)了一種擴(kuò)展詞束描寫的新方法(搭配法),目前對該方法的研究還較少。研究意義包括:一、聚焦詞典對語料庫短語的表征,強(qiáng)烈呼吁在線詞典對我們提煉出的學(xué)術(shù)英語詞束按詞目詞處理,以更好地滿足非本族語者和寫作新手的學(xué)術(shù)短語需求;二、有助于加強(qiáng)詞束研究和電子(數(shù)字)詞典研究之間的協(xié)同;三、展示了擴(kuò)展詞束描寫的可能,對于“終極詞典”(Sinclair et al.2004)的構(gòu)建有一定啟示意義。研究局限包括:一、只關(guān)注四詞詞束,沒有考慮其它可能在學(xué)術(shù)寫作中高頻出現(xiàn)的更大或更小的詞束;二、目前牛津?qū)W術(shù)英語語料庫只能在Sketch Engine平臺上檢索,因而詞束提取會受限于Sketch Engine“N-grams功能”的參數(shù)設(shè)定,這一定程度上會影響研究結(jié)果;三、沒有識別學(xué)習(xí)者易誤用的詞束;四、沒有調(diào)查不同微觀結(jié)構(gòu)處理方式對目標(biāo)詞束的查閱、記憶和產(chǎn)出的影響。希望將來的研究能夠解決這些問題。
【學(xué)位單位】：戰(zhàn)略支援部隊(duì)信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位年份】：2019
【中圖分類】：H316
【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter1 Introduction
1.1 Research background
1.2 Research gaps
1.3 Research questions and aims of the study
1.4 Research methodology
1.5 Outline of the dissertation
Chapter2 Literature Review
2.1 Identification and classification of lexical bundles
2.1.1 Lexical bundle identification
2.1.2 Structural and functional classification
2.2 Factors affecting lexical bundle use
2.2.1 Register variation
2.2.2 Disciplinary variation
2.2.3 Writer difference
2.2.3.1 Expert vs.novice writers
2.2.3.2 L1 vs.L2 writers
2.2.3.3 Learners at different proficiency levels
2.2.4 Other factors
2.2.5 Critique
2.3 Lexical bundles and lexicography
2.3.1 Lexical bundles and dictionary research
2.3.1.1 Treatment of lexical bundles in bilingual dictionaries
2.3.1.2 Lexical bundles as discriminator of definition style
2.3.2 Lexical bundles and dictionary-making
2.3.2.1 LEAD
2.3.2.2 SciE-Lex
2.3.2.3 OLDAE
2.3.3 Critique
2.4 Summary
Chapter3 Developing a List of Target Bundles for Lexicographic Purposes
3.1 Corpora and dictionaries
3.1.1 Target corpus
3.1.2 Comparison corpus
3.1.3 Dictionaries
3.2 Developing and classifying target bundles
3.2.1 Extraction procedures
3.2.2 Filtering procedures
3.2.2.1 Manual filtering
3.2.2.2 Log-likelihood ratio test
3.2.2.3 Dispersion test
3.2.3 Structural and functional classification of target bundles
3.3 Looking up target bundles
3.4 Summary
Chapter4 Examining the Lexicographic Treatment of Target Bundles
4.1 Coverage
4.2 Macrostructural treatment
4.2.1 Lexical bundle as headword
4.2.2 Component word as headword
4.3 Microstructural treatment
4.3.1 Form
4.3.2 Location
4.3.3 Textual enhancement
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Summary
Chapter5 Improving the Lexicographic Treatment of Lexical Bundles
5.1 Design and proposals
5.2 Comparing two approaches to enriching bundle description
5.2.1 The frequency approach
5.2.2 The collocation approach
5.2.3 A comparison
5.3 Examining bundle collocates in dictionaries
5.3.1 Bundles and collocation settings
5.3.2 Analytical procedures
5.3.3 Results
5.3.4 Discussion
5.4 Illustration of the new treatment:The case of the degree to which
5.5 Summary
Chapter6 Conclusion
6.1 Major findings
6.2 Implications
6.3 Limitations and directions for future research
Acknowledgements
References
Appendices
Appendix A.Log-likelihood and effect size data of bundles(n=146)
Appendix B.Log-likelihood and effect size data of bundles that characterize the spoken genre (COCA)
Appendix C.Frequencies of bundles by discipline(n=99)
Appendix D.Dispersion of bundles by subject area(PMWs;n =99)
Appendix E.Entry excerpts for THE EXTENT TO WHICH
Appendix F.Statistics of target bundles by structure
Appendix G.Statistics of target bundles by function
Appendix H.Association measures in the Sketch Engine
Appendix I.Relevant collocates found in dictionaries
Appendix J.Collocates found in dictionaries
Appendix K.Collocation statistics of target bundles(n=80)
作者簡歷
本文編號：2828724
【學(xué)位單位】：戰(zhàn)略支援部隊(duì)信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位年份】：2019
【中圖分類】：H316
【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter1 Introduction
1.1 Research background
1.2 Research gaps
1.3 Research questions and aims of the study
1.4 Research methodology
1.5 Outline of the dissertation
Chapter2 Literature Review
2.1 Identification and classification of lexical bundles
2.1.1 Lexical bundle identification
2.1.2 Structural and functional classification
2.2 Factors affecting lexical bundle use
2.2.1 Register variation
2.2.2 Disciplinary variation
2.2.3 Writer difference
2.2.3.1 Expert vs.novice writers
2.2.3.2 L1 vs.L2 writers
2.2.3.3 Learners at different proficiency levels
2.2.4 Other factors
2.2.5 Critique
2.3 Lexical bundles and lexicography
2.3.1 Lexical bundles and dictionary research
2.3.1.1 Treatment of lexical bundles in bilingual dictionaries
2.3.1.2 Lexical bundles as discriminator of definition style
2.3.2 Lexical bundles and dictionary-making
2.3.2.1 LEAD
2.3.2.2 SciE-Lex
2.3.2.3 OLDAE
2.3.3 Critique
2.4 Summary
Chapter3 Developing a List of Target Bundles for Lexicographic Purposes
3.1 Corpora and dictionaries
3.1.1 Target corpus
3.1.2 Comparison corpus
3.1.3 Dictionaries
3.2 Developing and classifying target bundles
3.2.1 Extraction procedures
3.2.2 Filtering procedures
3.2.2.1 Manual filtering
3.2.2.2 Log-likelihood ratio test
3.2.2.3 Dispersion test
3.2.3 Structural and functional classification of target bundles
3.3 Looking up target bundles
3.4 Summary
Chapter4 Examining the Lexicographic Treatment of Target Bundles
4.1 Coverage
4.2 Macrostructural treatment
4.2.1 Lexical bundle as headword
4.2.2 Component word as headword
4.3 Microstructural treatment
4.3.1 Form
4.3.2 Location
4.3.3 Textual enhancement
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Summary
Chapter5 Improving the Lexicographic Treatment of Lexical Bundles
5.1 Design and proposals
5.2 Comparing two approaches to enriching bundle description
5.2.1 The frequency approach
5.2.2 The collocation approach
5.2.3 A comparison
5.3 Examining bundle collocates in dictionaries
5.3.1 Bundles and collocation settings
5.3.2 Analytical procedures
5.3.3 Results
5.3.4 Discussion
5.4 Illustration of the new treatment:The case of the degree to which
5.5 Summary
Chapter6 Conclusion
6.1 Major findings
6.2 Implications
6.3 Limitations and directions for future research
Acknowledgements
References
Appendices
Appendix A.Log-likelihood and effect size data of bundles(n=146)
Appendix B.Log-likelihood and effect size data of bundles that characterize the spoken genre (COCA)
Appendix C.Frequencies of bundles by discipline(n=99)
Appendix D.Dispersion of bundles by subject area(PMWs;n =99)
Appendix E.Entry excerpts for THE EXTENT TO WHICH
Appendix F.Statistics of target bundles by structure
Appendix G.Statistics of target bundles by function
Appendix H.Association measures in the Sketch Engine
Appendix I.Relevant collocates found in dictionaries
Appendix J.Collocates found in dictionaries
Appendix K.Collocation statistics of target bundles(n=80)
作者簡歷
本文編號：2828724
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