本文選題：奧巴馬演講 + 順應論��； 參考：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：政治演講是公眾演講的一種重要形式,通常用于對國家的內(nèi)政和外交表明立場和宣傳主張�？偨y(tǒng)演講作為其中典型的代表,在政治生活中扮演著極為重要的角色。巴拉克·奧巴馬是美國歷史上第一位非裔美國總統(tǒng),縱觀其政治生涯,從他踏入世界政治舞臺開始,就憑借其雄辯的演講才能,掀起了一波學英語熱潮。直至今日,他的演講仍是許多公眾演講愛好者學習的榜樣。同時,國內(nèi)外很多學者對其演講做了不同方向的研究。例如,從文體修辭,話語批評,人際意義等方面進行分析。但是,這些研究只局限于一種單一、靜態(tài)的描述,不夠全面和系統(tǒng)。而政治演講作為一種獨白性語篇,與其他言語交際活動一樣,是一個對語言進行動態(tài)選擇的過程。演講者需要充分考慮到與語境相關(guān)的因素,在符合社會背景和社交場合的前提下,注意自身的言談舉止,塑造良好的公眾形象。在語言的選擇上,演講內(nèi)容要符合人們的心理,引起聽眾的共鳴,最終實現(xiàn)其交際意圖。因而,本文試圖在維索爾倫順應論的基礎(chǔ)上,從順應語境相關(guān)因素的角度對其演講進行分析,從而探究奧巴馬如何通過順應交際語境和語言語境來打動并說服聽眾,從而獲得群眾的共鳴和支持。維索爾倫的順應論是在其著作《語用學新解》中提出并進一步詮釋的,他認為:語言的變異性、商討性和順應性的特征使得人們在語言使用過程中可以做出不斷的選擇。同時,為了實現(xiàn)交際目的,在語言選擇的過程中,語言使用者需要對語境的相關(guān)因素做出順應,并對語言的結(jié)構(gòu)進行選擇。所以,對語境相關(guān)因素的分析是至關(guān)重要的。維索爾倫把語境相關(guān)因素分為交際語境和語言語境。其中,在語言使用過程中,交際雙方所包含的物理世界,社交世界和心理世界稱為交際語境。此外,把言語交際過程中根據(jù)語境選擇的各種語言表達方式稱為語言語境。本文以順應論為理論框架,分別從交際語境和語言語境兩方面展開對奧巴馬演講的分析,嘗試回答以下四個問題:1.奧巴馬的政治演講順應了語鏡因素的哪些方面?2.奧巴馬的演講是如何順應人們的物理世界,社交世界和心理世界的?3.奧巴馬采取了什么語篇手段來順應語言語境的?4.對于語境相關(guān)因素的順應在奧巴馬的演講中達到了什么效果?全文共分五章。第一章對課題研究的背景、意義及目的進行概述;第二章是論文的文獻綜述部分,從國內(nèi)外兩方面分別對順應論、奧巴馬的政治演講及語境的相關(guān)研究進行了簡要的回顧;第三章介紹了本課題研究的理論框架——順應論,并介紹了主要的研究問題和研究方法;第四章是本文的重點部分,從順應語境因素的各個方面具體地分析奧巴馬的政治演講。在交際語境方面,奧巴馬考慮到當時所處社會背景和社交場合,選擇合適的語言和表達方式從而順應聽眾的物理世界、社交世界和心理世界。在語言語境方面,奧巴馬運用了多種銜接和互文方式以求達到與聽眾的共鳴。第五章是對本課題研究的總結(jié),指出當前存在的問題以及對后續(xù)研究的啟示意義。本文認為,奧巴馬的演講之所以能夠深深地打動人心,正是因為其在交際語境上考慮到聽眾的內(nèi)心;在語言語境上,采用適當?shù)恼Z言結(jié)構(gòu),引起人們的共鳴,幫助實現(xiàn)其交際意圖。對奧巴馬政治演講的研究,一方面可以使公眾演講學習者在演講內(nèi)容的選擇,自身形象的塑造和觀眾互動等多方面得到啟示,提高其公眾演講技巧。其次,通過對演講內(nèi)容本身和觀眾對演講的反饋進行分析,可以幫助語言使用者在言語交際中,選擇合適的語用策略與他人進行交流,從而達到其交際意圖,這對后來的研究者有很大的啟示。
[Abstract]:Political speech is an important form of public speech, usually used to show the position and propaganda of the country's internal affairs and diplomacy. As a typical representative, presidential speech plays a very important role in political life. Barack Obama is the first African American president in the history of the United States, looking at his political career, from him At the beginning of the world political stage, with his eloquent speech ability, a wave of learning English has been set off. Until now, his speech is still a model for many public speaking enthusiasts. At the same time, many scholars at home and abroad have made different directions on their speeches. For example, from stylistic rhetoric, discourse criticism, interpersonal meaning, and so on. However, these studies are limited to a single, static description, not comprehensive and systematic. Political speech, as a monologue, is a process of dynamic choice of language, like other verbal communication activities. The speaker needs to take full consideration of the context related factors in conforming to social background and society. On the premise of the occasion, we should pay attention to his own speech and manner and shape a good public image. In the choice of language, the content of the speech should conform to the psychology of the people, cause the audience to resonate, and finally realize the communicative intention. Therefore, this article tries to carry out his speech on the basis of Weisl Len's adaptation theory and from the perspective of contextual related factors. In order to explore how Obama moved and persuaded the audience by complying with the communicative context and linguistic context, it obtained the resonance and support of the masses. Weisl Len's adaptation theory was put forward and further interpreted in his new interpretation of pragmatics. He believed that the characteristics of language variability, negotiability and compliance made people in the language. At the same time, in the process of using the language, in order to achieve the purpose of communication, language users need to make adaptation to the contextual factors and choose the structure of language in the process of language selection. Therefore, the analysis of contextual factors is of vital importance. In the process of language use, in the process of language use, the physical world, the social world and the psychological world are called the communicative context. In addition, it is called the linguistic context in which the language communication is chosen according to the context. This article is based on the theory of adaptation, from the communicative context and the language language. Two aspects of the analysis of Obama's speech, try to answer the following four questions: 1. what aspects of Obama's political speech complied with the mirror factors? 2. how does Obama's speech conform to people's physical world, the social world and the psychological world? What is the way 3. Obama adopted to conform to the language context? 4. for the language context What is the effect of the adaptation of context related factors in Obama's speech? The full text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter outlines the background, significance and purpose of the research; the second chapter is a summary of the literature of the thesis, and the related studies of Obama's political speech and context are briefly introduced from two aspects of the domestic and foreign countries. The third chapter introduces the theoretical framework of this subject - adaptation theory, and introduces the main research problems and research methods; the fourth chapter is the key part of this article, and analyzes Obama's political speech from all aspects of contextual factors. In the context of communicative language, Obama takes into consideration the social background of the time. And social occasions, choose the right language and expression to conform to the listener's physical world, the social world and the psychological world. In the language context, Obama uses a variety of cohesive and intertextual ways to achieve a resonance with the audience. The fifth chapter is the general conclusion of the study, pointing out the current problems and the follow-up research. This article holds that the reason why Obama's speech can be deeply moved is because he takes into account the heart of the audience in the communicative context; in the linguistic context, the appropriate language structure is used to arouse people's resonance and help to realize their communicative intentions. On the one hand, the study of Obama's political speech can make public the public. The public speaking learners are enlightened by the selection of the speech content, the shaping of their own images and the interaction of the audience. Secondly, through the analysis of the speech content itself and the audience's feedback to the speech, it can help the language users to choose appropriate pragmatic strategies to communicate with others in the intercourse of speech. So as to achieve its communicative intention, this has great implications for later researchers.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H313

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