本文選題：形容詞性過(guò)去分詞　切入點(diǎn)：構(gòu)式　出處：《杭州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：英語(yǔ)中的過(guò)去分詞(past participles),用法比較特殊,因而成為語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究的焦點(diǎn)之一。在偏正結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞短語(yǔ)中,過(guò)去分詞是名詞的修飾語(yǔ),其功能類似于形容詞,因此被稱作形容詞性的過(guò)去分詞(Adjectival Past Participles),簡(jiǎn)稱APP。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外針對(duì)APP研究的視角主要有傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)用學(xué)及認(rèn)知語(yǔ)法。APP由動(dòng)詞派生而成,所以兼有動(dòng)詞和形容詞的特性。Langacker認(rèn)為,過(guò)去分詞是含有PERF詞素的動(dòng)詞,PERF詞素有四個(gè)變體,其中APP涉及兩個(gè)PERF詞素:PERF1(表示作定語(yǔ)APP)和PERF2(表示做表語(yǔ)APP)。本研究重點(diǎn)探討前者,即作前置定語(yǔ)APP的用法。但是,關(guān)于APP的用法和功能,文獻(xiàn)中的意見(jiàn)不統(tǒng)一。在認(rèn)知語(yǔ)法的Qualifying construction描述中,前置ppl和形容詞被歸并為一類,因?yàn)樗挠梅ㄊ怯媚撤N情境來(lái)表達(dá)“特質(zhì)”。另外,秦裕祥卻把APP的功能界定為范疇化或“次范疇化”。蹇瑤進(jìn)一步區(qū)分了APP短語(yǔ)的兩種構(gòu)式(帶副詞的和不帶副詞的)。那么,在名詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中,APP作為修飾語(yǔ),到底起什么作用呢?本文圍繞兩個(gè)中心問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討:1.APP與被動(dòng)式分詞、完成式分詞有何關(guān)聯(lián)?2.APP與純形容詞能否相互替換?本研究根據(jù)“類別-特質(zhì)連續(xù)統(tǒng)”(category-property continuum)和動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)義類別,辨析APP與英語(yǔ)類似成分(被動(dòng)式、純形容詞)的關(guān)系,對(duì)APP的結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)義和功能進(jìn)行深入分析。本研究語(yǔ)料來(lái)自英國(guó)國(guó)家語(yǔ)料庫(kù)(BNC),通過(guò)檢索提取BNC中所有的“APP+名詞”用例,以及被動(dòng)式結(jié)構(gòu)(BE+ppl)、完成式結(jié)構(gòu)(HAVE+ppl)以及prenominal純形容詞(adj.+Noun)。數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)構(gòu)式量化分析工具coll.analysis 3.2a分析,結(jié)果表明:APP與被動(dòng)式分詞、完成式分詞雖然形式是相似,但三類ppl各自所聚集的動(dòng)詞截然不同,說(shuō)明三類ppl表達(dá)的意義也有各自的傾向性。通過(guò)與純形容詞對(duì)比,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),APP的用法比較復(fù)雜,有的表示分類功能(categorizing),有的APP描述名詞所指事物暫時(shí)的屬性或因某動(dòng)作而導(dǎo)致的狀態(tài),具有動(dòng)態(tài)性。而形容詞用作名詞修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)表示的則是名詞所指事物永恒的、穩(wěn)定的屬性,具有穩(wěn)定性。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),帶有修飾語(yǔ)或前綴的APP在英語(yǔ)使用中更為普遍,這對(duì)英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)具有啟示作用,有利于幫助中國(guó)英語(yǔ)EFL學(xué)習(xí)者更好的學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
[Abstract]:In English, the past participle is a special participle, so it has become one of the focal points in linguistic research. In the noun phrase with positive structure, the past participle is a modifier of a noun, and its function is similar to that of an adjective. Therefore, the past participle, called adjective Past participle, is referred to as "appa". At present, traditional grammar, pragmatics and cognitive grammar. App is derived from verbs, so it has the characteristics of verbs and adjectives. In the past, there were four variants in the verb of PERF morpheme, APP involving two PERF morphemes: PERF1 and PERF2. This study focuses on the use of the former, that is, APP, which is the prepositional attribute. There is disagreement in the literature about the usage and function of APP. In the Qualifying construction description of cognitive grammar, the preceding ppl and adjectives are grouped together because it is used to express "idiosyncratic" in a certain context. However, Qin Yuxiang defined the function of APP as categorization or subcategorization. Jian Yao further distinguished the two constructions of APP phrase (with and without adverb). So, what is the function of app as modifier in noun phrase structure? This paper focuses on two central issues: 1. How does the perfect participle have any relation with the passive participle? Can 2.APP and pure adjectives replace each other? According to category-property continuum and verb semantic category, this study analyzes the relationship between APP and similar English elements (passive, pure adjective), and analyzes the structure of APP. Semantic and functional analysis. The present study is based on the British National Corpus (BNC), which is used to retrieve all the "APP nouns" in BNC. And the data of passive structure, complete structure and prenominal pure adjective are analyzed by coll.analysis 3.2a. The results show that the perfect participle is similar to the passive participle. However, the verbs gathered by the three ppl groups are very different, indicating that the meanings of the three ppl expressions have their own tendentiousness. By contrasting with the pure adjectives, we find that the usage of app is quite complex. Some denote categorization, some APP describe the temporary attribute of the noun or the state caused by an action, and the adjective is used as a noun modifier to represent the permanent and stable attribute of the noun. The present study finds that APP with modifiers or prefixes is more common in English use, which has enlightening effect on English classroom teaching and helps Chinese EFL learners to learn English better.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H314.3

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