【摘要】：隱喻無(wú)處不在,具有普遍性,無(wú)論在書(shū)面語(yǔ)還是口語(yǔ)中都隨處可見(jiàn)。傳統(tǒng)的隱喻理論認(rèn)為隱喻是一種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,是對(duì)話語(yǔ)進(jìn)行修飾的修辭現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)今的隱喻研究已經(jīng)從單一的修辭學(xué)研究發(fā)展為跨學(xué)科、多角度的研究。萊考夫和約翰遜的著作《我們賴(lài)以生存的隱喻》(1980)標(biāo)志著隱喻的研究從修辭和語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)向認(rèn)知研究。當(dāng)代認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)認(rèn)為隱喻不僅是一種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,而且是人類(lèi)一種基本的認(rèn)知方式。隱喻使我們能夠利用已知的事物來(lái)理解未知的事物,用較具體的概念描述和表達(dá)較抽象的概念。人類(lèi)在一定的時(shí)空當(dāng)中活動(dòng),時(shí)間是一個(gè)抽象的概念,隱喻在時(shí)間表述的過(guò)程中起到不可取代的作用�！皶r(shí)間隱喻是指用隱喻的方式來(lái)表征時(shí)間,即將別的語(yǔ)義范疇里的概念、表達(dá)、關(guān)系映射于時(shí)間范疇中,從而獲得對(duì)時(shí)間的理解和表征�！�(陳燕、黃希庭,2006:604) 本文從認(rèn)知的角度對(duì)隱喻進(jìn)行研究,介紹國(guó)內(nèi)外隱喻研究的歷史和現(xiàn)狀,運(yùn)用概念隱喻理論對(duì)時(shí)間隱喻進(jìn)行研究,并進(jìn)行俄漢對(duì)比,探討其異同及原因。 全文共分三章: 第一章:主要闡述中西隱喻研究的歷史與現(xiàn)狀。簡(jiǎn)要介紹西方隱喻的歷史研究發(fā)展脈絡(luò)及隱喻替代論、比較論�；�(dòng)論以及隱喻認(rèn)知研究等,歸納俄羅斯隱喻研究的情況、特點(diǎn)和未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì),并總結(jié)了中國(guó)隱喻研究的歷史現(xiàn)狀。 第二章:隱喻的認(rèn)知研究。從認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的角度對(duì)隱喻進(jìn)行界定,對(duì)隱喻認(rèn)知研究中遇到的諸多問(wèn)題進(jìn)行論證,如隱喻的認(rèn)知本質(zhì)、認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)、認(rèn)知功能、跨域映射、概念隱喻的分類(lèi)、普遍性和系統(tǒng)性、不同的文化對(duì)俄漢語(yǔ)概念隱喻所產(chǎn)生的影響等。 第三章:對(duì)俄漢兩種語(yǔ)言中時(shí)間的空間隱喻化認(rèn)知、實(shí)體隱喻化認(rèn)知和結(jié)構(gòu)隱喻化認(rèn)知這三種類(lèi)型的隱喻方式在大量實(shí)例的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的對(duì)比研究,比較異同,并探究產(chǎn)生異同的原因。
[Abstract]:Metaphor is ubiquitous and universal, both in written and spoken English. The traditional metaphorical theory holds that metaphor is a linguistic phenomenon and a rhetorical phenomenon that modifies the utterance. Nowadays, metaphor research has developed from a single rhetorical study to a multi-disciplinary and multi-angle study. Lakoff and Johnson's book metaphor for our existence (1980) marks a shift from rhetoric and semantics to cognitive research. Contemporary cognitive linguistics holds that metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a basic cognitive way of human beings. Metaphor enables us to use what we know to understand the unknown and to describe and express more abstract concepts with more concrete concepts. Time is an abstract concept and metaphor plays an irreplaceable role in the process of time expression. "temporal metaphor is a metaphorical representation of time, in which concepts, expressions and relationships in other semantic categories are mapped to time categories, thus obtaining an understanding and representation of time." (Chen Yan, Huang Xiting, 2006: 604) this paper studies metaphor from a cognitive point of view, introduces the history and present situation of metaphor research at home and abroad, studies time metaphor with conceptual metaphor theory, and makes a comparison between Russian and Chinese. Discuss its similarities and differences and reason. The thesis is divided into three chapters: chapter one: the history and present situation of metaphor research in China and the West. This paper briefly introduces the historical development of western metaphor and the metaphorical substitution theory. Interaction theory and metaphorical cognition research, this paper sums up the situation, characteristics and future development trend of metaphor research in Russia, and summarizes the historical situation of metaphor study in China. Chapter two: the cognitive study of metaphor. This paper defines metaphor from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and demonstrates many problems encountered in the study of metaphorical cognition, such as the cognitive nature, cognitive basis, cognitive function, cross-domain mapping, classification, universality and systematicness of conceptual metaphor. The influence of different cultures on conceptual metaphors in Russian and Chinese. The third chapter makes a systematic comparative study of the three types of metaphorical cognition of time, substantive metaphorical cognition and structural metaphorical cognition in Russian and Chinese on the basis of a large number of examples, and compares the similarities and differences. And explore the causes of similarities and differences.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H35;H15

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