NaCl脅迫和氮素添加耦合對豌豆幼苗根際激發(fā)效應的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-04 16:11
【摘要】：近年來,土壤鹽漬化嚴重地影響了作物的產(chǎn)量和土地的可持續(xù)利用,探討能有效緩解土壤鹽漬化給植物造成危害的方法,對提高作物產(chǎn)量具有重要的科學意義。本文以兩個不同品種豌豆幼苗為實驗材料,分析NaCl脅迫和氮素添加耦合對植物生長、根際呼吸、根際土壤性質(zhì)的影響,探討豌豆幼苗根際激發(fā)效應對NaCl脅迫和氮素添加耦合的響應機制,為非生物因素對豆科植物根際激發(fā)效應的發(fā)生機理提供科學依據(jù),同時,為緩解豆科植物的鹽分脅迫提供有效的調(diào)控措施。1.在同一N濃度下,兩個品種豌豆幼苗地上部、根冠比、地上部含水量和株高隨著NaCl施加濃度增加而降低;而根冠比,在同一鹽濃度下,隨著施N濃度增加呈先增后降低的趨勢。在中度鹽脅迫和150mgN耦合處理下,兩個品種豌豆幼苗根干重、根長和根表面積顯著增加;品種間Ha豌豆幼苗根干重和根長、根表面積大于銀碗1號;在重度鹽脅迫和300mgN耦合處理下,根干重、根長和根冠比受到了抑制,適度N添加有利于緩解鹽脅迫對植物生長的影響。2.隨著NaCl濃度的增加,兩個豌豆幼苗地上部Na+、Cl-、K+和Ca2+的濃度逐漸增加,K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+比減少(p0.05),說明鹽分脅迫擾亂了植物地上部離子平衡,而N添加處理下,豌豆幼苗地上部Na+和Cl-含量減少;僅添加150mgN處理與僅中度鹽脅迫處理相比,提高了K+/Na+,且Ha地上部K+/Na+明顯高于銀碗1號,但中度和重度鹽脅迫分別與不同氮添加量耦合處理下,K+/Na+并未提高。3.同一鹽濃度下,隨著施氮量的增加,土壤總呼吸量和根際呼吸量均呈現(xiàn)先增后減的趨勢;同一施N濃度下,隨著NaCl濃度的增加,土壤總呼吸量和根際呼吸量也呈現(xiàn)先增后減的趨勢。與無鹽脅迫和不添加N耦合處理相比,中度鹽脅迫和150mgN耦合提高了土壤總呼吸量和根際呼吸量,而重度鹽脅迫和300mgN耦合則抑制了土壤總呼吸量和根際呼吸量,土壤總呼吸量由大到小順序為:種植Ha種植銀碗1號不種植物的土壤。隨著培養(yǎng)天數(shù)的增加,鹽脅迫和氮素耦合條件下,種植植物的土壤和不種植物的土壤呼吸速率均呈逐漸降低的趨勢。4.與不種植物相比,同一鹽濃度下,在添加150mgN時,種植植物的土壤微生物C含量和脲酶活性最高,土壤產(chǎn)生的CO2量較高,產(chǎn)生了較強的正根際激發(fā)效,尤其在中度鹽脅迫與150mgN耦合處理,正根際激發(fā)效最大。說明適度的NaCl脅迫和N素添加耦合促進了土壤微生物量的增加和土壤有機C的礦化,產(chǎn)生正根際激發(fā)效應。中度鹽脅迫和150mgN耦合處理下,Ha與銀碗1號相比,根際微生物C和酶活性較高,可能產(chǎn)生了較強的正根際激發(fā)效應。不種植物土壤與種植物土壤相比,微生物量C和酶活性降低,土壤有機C減少量較少,產(chǎn)生的CO2較少,表明產(chǎn)生了負激發(fā)效應。
[Abstract]:In recent years, soil salinization has seriously affected crop yield and sustainable use of land. It is of great scientific significance to explore methods that can effectively mitigate the harm caused by soil salinization to plants. The effects of NaCl stress and nitrogen addition coupling on plant growth, rhizosphere respiration and soil properties of two different varieties of pea were studied in this paper. To explore the response mechanism of rhizosphere excitation effect of pea seedlings to NaCl stress and nitrogen addition, to provide scientific basis for the occurrence mechanism of abiotic factors on legume rhizosphere excitation effect. In order to alleviate the salt stress of leguminous plants to provide effective control measures. 1. Under the same N concentration, the shoot, root to shoot ratio, shoot water content and plant height of two pea seedlings decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration, while the root to shoot ratio increased first and then decreased with the increase of N concentration at the same concentration of N. Under moderate salt stress and 150mgN coupling treatment, the root dry weight, root length and root surface area of two varieties of pea seedlings increased significantly, and the root dry weight and root length of Ha seedlings were larger than that of Yinwan 1. Under severe salt stress and 300mgN coupling treatment, root dry weight, root length and root-shoot ratio were inhibited, and moderate N addition was beneficial to alleviate the effect of salt stress on plant growth. 2. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the concentrations of Na, Cl-,K and Ca2 in shoot of two pea seedlings increased gradually, and K / Na and Ca2 / Na ratio decreased (p0.05). The contents of Na and Cl- in shoot of pea seedlings decreased. K / Na was increased by adding only 150mgN, and K / Na in Ha shoot was significantly higher than that in Yinwan No. 1, but K / Na was not increased under moderate and severe salt stress and different nitrogen addition. Under the same salt concentration, the soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration increased first and then decreased at the same N concentration. Compared with non-salt stress and N coupling treatment, moderate salt stress and 150mgN coupling increased soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration, while severe salt stress and 300mgN coupling inhibited soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration. The order of soil total respiration was: planting Ha, planting Silverbowl No.1 soil. With the increase of culture days, the soil respiration rate of plant and non-plant decreased gradually under the condition of salt stress and nitrogen coupling. 4. Under the same salt concentration, the soil microbial C content and urease activity were the highest, and the amount of CO2 produced by the soil was higher than that of the non-plant, and the positive rhizosphere excitation effect was higher than that in the same salt concentration, and when the 150mgN was added to the plant, the soil microbial C content and urease activity were the highest. Especially in the medium salt stress and 150mgN coupling treatment, the positive rhizosphere excitation effect was the highest. The results showed that moderate NaCl stress and N addition promoted the increase of soil microbial biomass and the mineralization of soil organic C, which resulted in positive rhizosphere excitation effect. Under moderate salt stress and 150mgN coupling treatment, the activity of C and enzyme in rhizosphere of Ha was higher than that of Yinban-1, which may have a strong positive rhizosphere excitation effect. Compared with other plant soils, microbial biomass C and enzyme activity decreased, soil organic C decreased less and CO2 was less, which indicated that there was a negative excitation effect.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S643.3
本文編號：2310390
[Abstract]:In recent years, soil salinization has seriously affected crop yield and sustainable use of land. It is of great scientific significance to explore methods that can effectively mitigate the harm caused by soil salinization to plants. The effects of NaCl stress and nitrogen addition coupling on plant growth, rhizosphere respiration and soil properties of two different varieties of pea were studied in this paper. To explore the response mechanism of rhizosphere excitation effect of pea seedlings to NaCl stress and nitrogen addition, to provide scientific basis for the occurrence mechanism of abiotic factors on legume rhizosphere excitation effect. In order to alleviate the salt stress of leguminous plants to provide effective control measures. 1. Under the same N concentration, the shoot, root to shoot ratio, shoot water content and plant height of two pea seedlings decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration, while the root to shoot ratio increased first and then decreased with the increase of N concentration at the same concentration of N. Under moderate salt stress and 150mgN coupling treatment, the root dry weight, root length and root surface area of two varieties of pea seedlings increased significantly, and the root dry weight and root length of Ha seedlings were larger than that of Yinwan 1. Under severe salt stress and 300mgN coupling treatment, root dry weight, root length and root-shoot ratio were inhibited, and moderate N addition was beneficial to alleviate the effect of salt stress on plant growth. 2. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the concentrations of Na, Cl-,K and Ca2 in shoot of two pea seedlings increased gradually, and K / Na and Ca2 / Na ratio decreased (p0.05). The contents of Na and Cl- in shoot of pea seedlings decreased. K / Na was increased by adding only 150mgN, and K / Na in Ha shoot was significantly higher than that in Yinwan No. 1, but K / Na was not increased under moderate and severe salt stress and different nitrogen addition. Under the same salt concentration, the soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration increased first and then decreased at the same N concentration. Compared with non-salt stress and N coupling treatment, moderate salt stress and 150mgN coupling increased soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration, while severe salt stress and 300mgN coupling inhibited soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration. The order of soil total respiration was: planting Ha, planting Silverbowl No.1 soil. With the increase of culture days, the soil respiration rate of plant and non-plant decreased gradually under the condition of salt stress and nitrogen coupling. 4. Under the same salt concentration, the soil microbial C content and urease activity were the highest, and the amount of CO2 produced by the soil was higher than that of the non-plant, and the positive rhizosphere excitation effect was higher than that in the same salt concentration, and when the 150mgN was added to the plant, the soil microbial C content and urease activity were the highest. Especially in the medium salt stress and 150mgN coupling treatment, the positive rhizosphere excitation effect was the highest. The results showed that moderate NaCl stress and N addition promoted the increase of soil microbial biomass and the mineralization of soil organic C, which resulted in positive rhizosphere excitation effect. Under moderate salt stress and 150mgN coupling treatment, the activity of C and enzyme in rhizosphere of Ha was higher than that of Yinban-1, which may have a strong positive rhizosphere excitation effect. Compared with other plant soils, microbial biomass C and enzyme activity decreased, soil organic C decreased less and CO2 was less, which indicated that there was a negative excitation effect.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S643.3
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