本文選題：時間知覺　切入點：空間位置　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：時間知覺是人類一種基本的認知過程。雖然近年來的大量研究揭示了客體的物理屬性,例如大小、明度、物理距離、速度、運動方向、可視性等,都可以直接影響人類的主觀時間知覺。然而,迄今為止還沒有研究直接去探討客體空間位置能否改變?nèi)祟惖闹饔^時間知覺。本研究的目的在于探討不同的空間位置數(shù)目是否會影響被試的主觀時間知覺。為此,在本研究中,我們使用了一個新的實驗范式——時間間隔的空間分割范式(spatial splitting of a temporal interval paradigm, SSTI)。該實驗范式的本質(zhì)在于測量被試對于一個固定的物理時間間隔(1100ms,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刺激)的主觀時間知覺是如何隨著其需要編碼的空間位置數(shù)目的變化(1個,2個,3個,4個或6個空間位置,簡寫為1L,2Ls,3Ls,4Ls和6Ls)而發(fā)生變化的。在2Ls,3Ls,4Ls和6Ls四種條件下,雖然存在多個空間位置需要被編碼,但是和1L條件下一樣,在任一時刻都只有一個空間位置存在。這也正是本研究范式不同于之前研究的關(guān)鍵之所在,比如Xuan等人(2007)發(fā)現(xiàn)的刺激數(shù)量增大導(dǎo)致的主觀時間延長效應(yīng)。 本研究中的5個實驗均采用時間比較任務(wù),即在每一個試次中出現(xiàn)兩個時間間隔,其中一個時間間隔總是為1100ms(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刺激),而另一個時間間隔(比較刺激)選擇圍繞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刺激時間間隔的7個或3個可選值(從200ms到3000ms)。實驗中的自變量為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刺激所包含的空間位置數(shù)目(1L,2Ls,3Ls,4Ls和6Ls),因變量為時間膨脹系數(shù)(在研究三中為被試判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刺激比比較刺激更長的次數(shù)、反應(yīng)時和腦電指標(biāo))。實驗1的結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)需要編碼的空間位置數(shù)目主效應(yīng)顯著,尤其是1L和2Ls條件下的主觀時間知覺的平均值顯著地小于3Ls和4Ls條件下的平均值。但是實驗1中的空間位置數(shù)目效應(yīng)可能受到不同條件下空間位置可預(yù)測性的影響,因此在實驗2中我們控制了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刺激中下一個空間位置出現(xiàn)的順序(順時針或逆時針)。實驗2重復(fù)了實驗1的結(jié)果。基于以上兩個實驗,我們認為在視覺通道中,當(dāng)時間估計需要依賴于空間位置時,時間知覺會受到空間加工的約束,即確立了時間知覺的空間位置數(shù)目效應(yīng)——需要編碼的空間位置數(shù)目越多,我們知覺到的客體持續(xù)時間越長。即使控制了四種實驗條件中標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刺激的空間位置可預(yù)測性之后,空間位置數(shù)目效應(yīng)依然存在。為了進一步探討空間位置數(shù)目效應(yīng)是否存在一個容量限制,而不是隨著空間位置數(shù)目的增大持續(xù)增加,我們設(shè)計了實驗3。結(jié)果表明,空間位置數(shù)目效應(yīng)的容量為3到4個空間位置(4Ls條件和6Ls條件無差異)。實驗4作為實驗3的控制實驗,同樣控制了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刺激中下一個空間位置出現(xiàn)的順序,實驗結(jié)果重復(fù)了空間位置數(shù)目效應(yīng),且其容量為3到4個空間位置�；谝陨纤膫�實驗,我們認為空間位置數(shù)目效應(yīng)的容量很可能為3到4個空間位置。在研究三中,我們想通過ERP技術(shù),進一步尋求空間位置數(shù)目的電生理指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明：基于空間位置的時間加工主要反映在頂枕區(qū)；CNV的峰值潛伏期可以很好的反應(yīng)被試的決策過程：當(dāng)比較刺激為1500ms時,在1500ms到被試進行決策(峰值潛伏期)的時間窗口內(nèi),1L-2Ls條件下的CNV平均波幅顯著大于3Ls-4Ls條件下的CNV平均波幅。 總之,通過本研究中的系列實驗,我們認為在視覺通道中,對時間的加工會受到空間位置的制約,且其容量很可能為3到4個空間位置。
[Abstract]:Time perception is a basic human cognitive process. Although recent studies reveal the physical properties of the object, such as size, lightness, physical distance, speed, direction of movement, visibility, can directly affect the subjective human perception of time. However, so far there is no subjective perception of time to explore the space position the object can change the human direct research. The purpose of this study is to investigate the number of different positions will influence the perception of subjective time subjects. Therefore, in this study, we used a new experimental paradigm: time interval space division (spatial splitting of a temporal model interval paradigm, SSTI). The nature of the experimental paradigm is to test for a physical time intervals (1100ms, standard stimulus) the subjective perception of time is how with the need of encoding Position number (1, 2, 3, 4 or 6 spatial locations, abbreviated as 1L, 2Ls, 3Ls, 4Ls and 6Ls) and the changes in 2Ls, 3Ls, 4Ls and 6Ls under the four conditions, although there are a number of space position must be encoding, but and under the condition of 1L at a time, only one space position. It is also the research paradigm different from previous research key, such as Xuan et al (2007) found that the number of subjective time stimulus resulting from the increase of prolonged effect.
5 experiments in this study were used to compare time tasks, that in every trial in two time intervals, one time interval is 1100ms (standard stimulus), and another time interval (comparison stimulus) about the choice of the standard stimulus 7 or 3 optional time interval (from 200ms to 3000ms). The number of standard stimuli contained in the experiment of spatial position variables (1L, 2Ls, 3Ls, 4Ls and 6Ls), the dependent variable is the time expansion coefficient (for the judgment of the subjects in the study 3 times than the standard stimulus, more exciting longer reaction time and bispectral index). 1 the experiment found that the number of spatial location encoding need significant main effect, especially the average subjective perception of time 1L and 2Ls under the condition of significantly less than the average 3Ls and 4Ls conditions. But the space position number 1 may have no effect under the same conditions in space The predictability of the influence, therefore in Experiment 2 we control the standard stimulus next space position order (clockwise or counterclockwise). The experimental results of 2 repeated experiments. 1 of the above two experiments based on, we believe that in the visual channel, when the estimated time depends on the space position. Time perception by space processing constraints, namely the establishment of a number of more space position number - encoding effect of time perception, the object of our perceived duration. Even after controlling for the four experimental conditions the spatial position of quasi stimulus predictability, space position number in order to effect still exists. To further explore the spatial position of the number of effects of the existence of a limited capacity, rather than with the increase of the space position number continues to increase, we designed 3. experimental results show that the space The effect of the number of capacity of 3 to 4 position (no difference between 4Ls condition and 6Ls condition). In Experiment 4, Experiment 3 as a control experiment, the same control standard stimulus next position. The order of the experimental results, the spatial position of the number of repeat effect, and its capacity of 3 to 4 positions more than four experiments. Based on the space position we think is likely to effect the capacity of the number 3 to 4. In the space position of the third study, we want to through ERP technology, electrophysiological index to seek further space position number. The results show that the processing time space position is mainly reflected in the occipital region based on the peak latency of CNV; the decision-making process can well reflect the subjects: when comparing the stimulation of 1500ms, in the 1500ms to test the decision (latency) within the time window, the CNV average amplitude under the condition of 1L-2Ls was significantly greater than that of 3Ls-4Ls The average amplitude of CNV under the condition.
In conclusion, through a series of experiments in this study, we think that the processing of time in visual channels will be restricted by the location of the space, and its capacity is likely to be 3 to 4 spatial locations.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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