【摘要】：黃土荒溪生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是流域管理和研究的重要對(duì)象,維持荒溪生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的水供應(yīng)是黃土高原水管理的重要內(nèi)容。近年來(lái),隨著地球關(guān)鍵帶科學(xué)的興起,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)到地球表面的風(fēng)化層是地球關(guān)鍵帶雨洪調(diào)蓄的重要場(chǎng)所,荒溪中大部分水都是儲(chǔ)存在風(fēng)化層中。風(fēng)化層是從地表到基巖的一切物質(zhì),具有重要的雨洪調(diào)蓄功能。研究荒溪風(fēng)化層雨洪調(diào)蓄的生態(tài)機(jī)理對(duì)維持健康的荒溪生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有重要意義。本文從復(fù)雜開(kāi)放系統(tǒng)論的觀(guān)點(diǎn)出發(fā),以黃土高原的一個(gè)典型荒溪——山西省壽陽(yáng)縣三眼井小流域?yàn)槔?采用風(fēng)化層制圖方法和地理空間分析方法,分析并識(shí)別風(fēng)化層雨洪調(diào)蓄的生態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)特征,最終基于風(fēng)化層雨洪調(diào)蓄生態(tài)機(jī)理,提出黃土侵蝕溝治理模式。本研究表明:(1)荒溪風(fēng)化層具有重要的雨洪調(diào)蓄特征,是由其特有的物質(zhì)組成與時(shí)空結(jié)構(gòu)特征決定的,不同流域風(fēng)化層的物質(zhì)組成和結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)空變化極大,其雨洪調(diào)蓄功能的發(fā)揮機(jī)制也極其復(fù)雜;采用常規(guī)定量研究方法幾乎不可能掌握其機(jī)理,應(yīng)采用復(fù)雜開(kāi)放系統(tǒng)理論和地理空間方法開(kāi)展研究;風(fēng)化層有集水、蓄水、凈水、養(yǎng)水、供水等生態(tài)功能,正常發(fā)揮風(fēng)化層的雨洪調(diào)蓄功能,流域中的水才能為健康的“活水”;風(fēng)化層是流域系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)子系統(tǒng),與地形地貌、生境、地質(zhì)、土壤、大氣以及人類(lèi)活動(dòng)等其它流域環(huán)境要素之間是相互聯(lián)系和相互作用的;今后的研究應(yīng)將流域視為一個(gè)復(fù)雜開(kāi)放系統(tǒng),將土壤-植被-大氣連續(xù)體(SVA)研究擴(kuò)展到風(fēng)化層-生境-大氣連續(xù)體(RHA)的生態(tài)耦合研究。(2)由于黃土荒溪風(fēng)化層是復(fù)雜開(kāi)放系統(tǒng),以往常規(guī)定量研究方法已無(wú)法揭示流域的本質(zhì),應(yīng)采用定性和定量相結(jié)合的綜合集成方法。因此,運(yùn)用風(fēng)化層制圖方法和地理空間分析方法是準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別風(fēng)化層雨洪調(diào)蓄生態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)特征的重要途徑。運(yùn)用地理空間分析方法,可以分析并識(shí)別地形,通過(guò)風(fēng)化層制圖方法,能夠進(jìn)行野外核驗(yàn)并把地形分析結(jié)果表達(dá)出來(lái),從而識(shí)別出風(fēng)化層由蓄水盆地-岬序列組成的最小生態(tài)單元。(3)黃土侵蝕溝的蓄水場(chǎng)所主要是在風(fēng)化層,治理黃土侵蝕溝的核心是將地表的生境層和地下的風(fēng)化層有機(jī)結(jié)合起來(lái)綜合分析;運(yùn)用本研究提出的風(fēng)化層制圖方法和地理空間分析方法可以準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別由黃土侵蝕溝不同尺度的蓄水盆地-岬組成的最小生態(tài)單元;依據(jù)風(fēng)化層雨洪調(diào)蓄的生態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)特征,可以合理配置植物材料,有效發(fā)揮流域風(fēng)化層雨洪調(diào)蓄功能;基于風(fēng)化層雨洪調(diào)蓄生態(tài)機(jī)理的黃土侵蝕溝治理模式,遵循了黃土侵蝕溝的自然生態(tài)規(guī)律,達(dá)到了對(duì)黃土侵蝕溝綜合而全面的治理,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)荒溪近自然的生態(tài)目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Loess wasteland ecosystem is an important object of watershed management and research, and maintaining the water supply of wasteland ecosystem is an important content of water management in Loess Plateau. In recent years, with the rise of the Earth's critical zone science, scholars at home and abroad have begun to realize that the weathering layer on the earth's surface is an important place for the earth's key rain and flood regulation, and most of the water in the barren stream is stored in the weathering layer. Weathering layer is all material from surface to bedrock and has important function of rain flood regulation and storage. It is of great significance to study the ecological mechanism of rain-flood regulation and storage in weathered beds for maintaining a healthy barren stream ecosystem. In this paper, from the viewpoint of complex open system theory, taking a typical barren river basin in Shouyang County, Shanxi Province, as an example, weathering layer mapping method and geo-spatial analysis method are used. Based on the analysis and identification of ecological structure characteristics of stormflood regulation and storage in weathered beds, a control model of loess erosion gullies is put forward based on the ecological mechanism of storm-flood regulation and storage in weathered beds. The results are as follows: (1) the weathering layer of the barren river has the important characteristics of stormwater regulation and storage, which is determined by its unique material composition and space-time structure. The material composition and structure of the weathered layer in different basins vary greatly in time and space. The mechanism of its rain flood regulation and storage function is also extremely complex; it is almost impossible to master its mechanism by using conventional quantitative research methods, and the complex open system theory and geospatial method should be used to carry out the research; the weathering layer has water catchment, water storage, water purification, Water conservation, water supply, and other ecological functions, normally exerting the rain flood regulation and storage function of weathered layer, the water in the basin can be a healthy "living water"; the weathered layer is a subsystem of the watershed system, and it is associated with topography, landform, habitat, geology and soil, The atmosphere and other watershed environmental elements, such as human activities, are interlinked and interacted; future research should consider the basin as a complex open system, This paper extends the study of soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum (SVA) to the ecological coupling study of weathering layer, habitat and atmosphere continuum (RHA). (2) because the weathering layer of loess barren stream is a complex open system, the nature of river basin can not be revealed by conventional quantitative research methods in the past. A comprehensive integration method combining qualitative and quantitative methods should be adopted. Therefore, the application of weathering layer mapping method and geospatial analysis method is an important way to accurately identify the ecological structure characteristics of rain flood regulation and storage in weathered beds. By using the method of geospatial analysis, the terrain can be analyzed and identified. Through the method of weathering layer mapping, the field verification can be carried out and the results of terrain analysis can be expressed. Thus, the minimum ecological unit of weathering layer composed of water-storage basin and headland sequence is identified. (3) the water storage site of loess erosion trench is mainly in weathering layer. The core of controlling loess erosion gullies is to combine the habitat layer of the surface with the weathering layer of the ground. By using the weathering layer mapping method and the geospatial analysis method proposed in this study, the minimum ecological unit composed of water storage basin and headland on different scales of loess erosion ditch can be accurately identified, and according to the ecological structure characteristics of rain flood regulation and storage in weathered beds, Plant materials can be allocated reasonably and the function of rain-flood regulation and storage in weathered beds can be effectively brought into play, and the control mode of loess erosion ditch based on the ecological mechanism of weathering layer storm-flood regulation and storage follows the natural ecological law of loess erosion ditch. The comprehensive and comprehensive management of loess erosion gullies has been achieved, thus realizing the ecological goal of the barren stream near nature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X171;TV213.9

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王曉軍;郭妙玲;王兵;;流域風(fēng)化層雨洪調(diào)蓄生態(tài)機(jī)理[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2017年13期

2 朱永官;李剛;張甘霖;傅伯杰;;土壤安全:從地球關(guān)鍵帶到生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2015年12期

3 俞孔堅(jiān);;水生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施構(gòu)建關(guān)鍵技術(shù)[J];中國(guó)水利;2015年22期

4 章林偉;;海綿城市建設(shè)概論[J];給水排水;2015年06期

5 俞孔堅(jiān);李迪華;袁弘;傅微;喬青;王思思;;“海綿城市”理論與實(shí)踐[J];城市規(guī)劃;2015年06期

6 仇保興;;海綿城市(LID)的內(nèi)涵、途徑與展望[J];給水排水;2015年03期

7 劉寶元;劉瑛娜;張科利;謝云;;中國(guó)水土保持措施分類(lèi)[J];水土保持學(xué)報(bào);2013年02期

8 吳發(fā)啟;;水土保持農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)措施分類(lèi)初探[J];中國(guó)水土保持科學(xué);2012年03期

9 莫琳;俞孔堅(jiān);;構(gòu)建城市綠色海綿——生態(tài)雨洪調(diào)蓄系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃研究[J];城市發(fā)展研究;2012年05期

10 馬騫;于興修;;水土流失生態(tài)修復(fù)生態(tài)效益評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系研究進(jìn)展[J];生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;2009年11期

，

本文編號(hào)：2198819