【摘要】：相較于其他載具,汽車的應(yīng)用最為廣泛,人—車之間的交互作用最為直接,任何用戶都有評價和選擇汽車的權(quán)利。在滿足安全、舒適、節(jié)能、環(huán)保的前提下,個性化和人性化必將成為未來汽車的發(fā)展方向,這種趨勢要求設(shè)計人員在設(shè)計階段就能準(zhǔn)確定位車輛性能,實現(xiàn)汽車模塊化、數(shù)字化、智能化的正向開發(fā)。操縱穩(wěn)定性作為影響汽車主動安全的重要因素之一,不僅影響汽車駕駛的操縱方便程度,而且也是決定高速汽車安全行駛的一個主要性能。然而,受研究內(nèi)容、駕駛條件、主觀感受以及周邊環(huán)境等多方面的限制影響,時至今日仍然沒有形成公認(rèn)的汽車操縱穩(wěn)定性客觀評價體系。汽車操縱穩(wěn)定性客觀評價體系的建立本質(zhì)上是一個大數(shù)據(jù)、多對多、強(qiáng)耦合、非線性分類問題,其核心是操穩(wěn)性客觀評價指標(biāo)的提取及主客觀評價一致性的數(shù)學(xué)描述。本文采用系統(tǒng)與綜合、理論分析、數(shù)值模擬與試驗相結(jié)合的方式對操縱穩(wěn)定性的主客觀評價展開研究,探索一種簡潔準(zhǔn)確的客觀指標(biāo)提取途徑;建立一套具有良好一致性的操縱穩(wěn)定性客觀評價方法;并在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計一種考慮車輛主觀性能的懸架特性優(yōu)化方案。其主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:1.汽車操穩(wěn)客觀指標(biāo)的約簡提取;首先,根據(jù)信息熵算法對連續(xù)型操穩(wěn)客觀評價指標(biāo)離散化處理,形成離散化指標(biāo);然后,建立基于粗糙集理論的區(qū)分矩陣指標(biāo)提取模型,并通過改進(jìn)限制容差關(guān)系,對汽車操縱穩(wěn)定性客觀評價體系屬性約簡,剔除冗余項,提取12項核心客觀指標(biāo)。2.汽車操穩(wěn)客觀指標(biāo)的權(quán)重決策;首先,建立集成操穩(wěn)客觀與主觀指標(biāo)權(quán)重的經(jīng)驗因子模型;然后,融合信息熵和粗糙集理論,建立多屬性決策分析方法,應(yīng)用CWAA算子解算操穩(wěn)4級主觀評價指標(biāo)的重要度,并求取12項操穩(wěn)核心客觀指標(biāo)的權(quán)重及其在整個指標(biāo)體系中的相對排序。3.綜合主觀性能的操穩(wěn)客觀評價方法;首先,選取高斯徑向基核函數(shù)作為隸屬函數(shù),集成評價指標(biāo)及其權(quán)重,建立綜合主觀性能的操穩(wěn)客觀評價方法,其精度達(dá)到80%,具有較強(qiáng)的泛化能力;然后,通過歸一化和保結(jié)構(gòu)方法對評價模型進(jìn)行耦合降階處理,在保持系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性的前提下降低系統(tǒng)維度并優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu),利用粗糙集可拓分析方法挖掘4項綜合評價指標(biāo),約簡基礎(chǔ)屬性數(shù)量,減小運(yùn)算量,實現(xiàn)評價模型結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化,其評價精度可達(dá)70%并能大幅提高運(yùn)算效率。4.面向操穩(wěn)主客觀性能的懸架特性優(yōu)化方法。首先,應(yīng)用二次函數(shù)對各項懸架特性進(jìn)行參數(shù)化,綜合車輛操縱穩(wěn)定性的12個無量綱客觀評價指標(biāo)以及13項主觀評價項目,設(shè)計了整車操縱穩(wěn)定性的優(yōu)化目標(biāo);然后,建立了以懸架初始定位參數(shù)、運(yùn)動學(xué)特性和彈性運(yùn)動學(xué)特性為優(yōu)化變量、基于Car Sim、Matlab與i SIGHT聯(lián)合仿真的優(yōu)化平臺;最后,應(yīng)用改進(jìn)的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化遺傳算法將整車操穩(wěn)的主客觀性能要求分解到懸架的KC特性。本文為汽車操縱穩(wěn)定性主客觀一致性研究提供可行方法,為面向特性的懸架優(yōu)化提供理論依據(jù),為汽車的模塊化、數(shù)字化和智能化開發(fā)奠定基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Compared with other vehicles, the application of the automobile is the most extensive, and the interaction among the people is the most direct, and any user has the right to evaluate and select the automobile. Under the premise of meeting the safety, comfort, energy saving and environmental protection, the individuation and humanity will be the development direction of the future automobile, which requires the designer to accurately position the performance of the vehicle in the design stage, and realize the forward development of the automobile modularization, the digital and the intelligent. The operation stability is one of the important factors that affect the vehicle's active safety. It not only affects the driving convenience of the automobile, but also the main performance of the safe driving of the high-speed car. However, because of the limitations of the research, driving conditions, subjective feeling and the surrounding environment, there is still no objective evaluation system for the stability of the automobile steering. The establishment of objective evaluation system for vehicle operation stability is a large data, multi-to-many, strong coupling and non-linear classification. The core of the objective evaluation system is the extraction of the objective evaluation index of the stability and the mathematical description of the consistency of the subjective and objective evaluation. In this paper, the main objective evaluation of the operation stability is studied by means of the combination of system and synthesis, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and test, a concise and accurate objective index extraction method is explored, and a set of objective evaluation methods with good consistency are established. On this basis, a suspension characteristic optimization scheme considering the subjective performance of the vehicle is designed. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:1. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, discretizing a continuous operation stability objective evaluation index according to an information entropy algorithm to form a discretization index; then, establishing a discrimination matrix index extraction model based on the rough set theory and improving the limiting tolerance relation, The attribute reduction of the objective evaluation system of the vehicle operation stability is reduced, the redundant items are removed, and the 12 core objective indexes are extracted. The weight decision of the objective index of automobile operation stability is established. First, an empirical factor model for integrating the objective and subjective index weights is established; then, the information entropy and the rough set theory are used to set up a multi-attribute decision analysis method, and the CWAA operator is used to solve the importance of the subjective evaluation index of the operation stability 4 level, The weight of the objective index of 12 stable core and its relative ranking in the whole index system are also obtained. the objective evaluation method of the operation stability of the comprehensive subjective performance is as follows: firstly, a Gaussian radial basis kernel function is selected as a membership function, an evaluation index and a weight thereof are integrated, an objective evaluation method for the operation stability of the comprehensive subjective performance is established, the accuracy of the objective evaluation method is 80 percent, and the method has strong generalization capability; and then, the system dimension is reduced and the system structure is optimized under the premise of keeping the stability of the system, the system structure is optimized, the four comprehensive evaluation indexes are mined by the rough set extension analysis method, the number of the basic attributes is reduced, the calculation amount is reduced, The evaluation model structure is optimized, the evaluation precision can reach 70 percent and the operation efficiency can be greatly improved. The method of suspension characteristic optimization for the objective performance of operation stability. First, the second function is used to parameterize the suspension characteristics, the 12 non-dimensional objective evaluation indexes of the vehicle control stability and the 13 subjective evaluation items are applied, and the optimization goal of the overall vehicle operating stability is designed; then, the initial positioning parameters of the suspension are established, The kinematics characteristic and the elastic kinematics characteristic are the optimization variables, based on the optimization platform of the Car Sim, Matlab and i SIGHT combined simulation; and finally, the improved multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm is used to decompose the main objective performance requirements of the whole vehicle to the KC characteristic of the suspension. This paper provides a feasible method for the objective and objective consistency study of automobile steering stability, and provides a theoretical basis for the characteristic-oriented suspension optimization, which lays the foundation for the modularization, digitization and intelligent development of the automobile.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U461.6

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