發(fā)布時間：2018-04-08 10:29

  本文選題：西歐科學　切入點：普遍性　出處：《云南師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在對科學的傳統(tǒng)觀念的理解中，西歐科學被認為是客觀和普遍的知識體系，它對普遍性、客觀性和絕對性的追求蘊含在古希臘的現(xiàn)象與本體二分、近現(xiàn)代科學認識和科學實在論的哲學思想之中。這種對傳統(tǒng)科學觀中科學具有普遍性的辯護屬于一種純粹思辨的概念邏輯運動，進而遭遇邏輯主義困境。同時，隨著科學改造自然能力的提高以及科學成為人類生活的基本的和最為主要的組成部分，以西歐中心主義為代表的科學被認為是產(chǎn)生現(xiàn)代性危機的根源。但是，它也是基于斑雜的現(xiàn)象界、在特定社會歷史文化境況和實驗室座駕中的地方性實踐活動，，由此產(chǎn)生了拒斥普遍性、將地方性內具于科學的知識觀。然而，盡管地方性知識觀從實踐優(yōu)位的視角出發(fā)對相對主義采取接受或避免的態(tài)度，但它仍舊沒有實際解決西歐科學在文化傳播和價值導向過程中所體現(xiàn)的強勢的現(xiàn)代性敘事，反而無可避免地陷入認識論和文化上的相對主義。同時，由于它主要強調實驗室座駕中科學家與其他科學家、實驗儀器、實驗結果等的交往互動過程，轉而疏離了全球化的真實的社會歷史和現(xiàn)實發(fā)展境況，從而仍舊具有某種程度的孤立性質，所以，這種地方性知識觀盡管從自然主義的視角出發(fā)，但其仍舊沒有描述出作為在世之在的科學的全貌或整體圖景，從而為進一步描述處于混雜時空中的科學形象奠定了契機和可能性。也就是說，地方性知識觀的這種話語開放性為西歐科學觀念的重構提供了自然主義的視角和思考前提。實際上，西歐科學不能完全歸結為普遍性知識或地方性知識，結合后殖民科學觀、行動者網(wǎng)絡理論和旅行理論的后殖民技科學觀為西歐科學知識觀的重構提供了理念支持，在后殖民技科學觀中，知識作為一種實際語境中的實踐活動形式，在處于混雜時空中的社會歷史和技術經(jīng)驗等異質性要素構成的“無縫之網(wǎng)”或不均勻多相系統(tǒng)中以多重共振的方式不斷獲得轉譯、重組、交易甚至取代，由此構成了科學的新形象和解決現(xiàn)代性危機的新走向。換句話說，在全球化、交往日益頻繁的當代社會歷史語境中，西歐科學等處于強勢地位的知識在入侵和改造弱勢知識時，并非是強勢知識對弱勢知識進行單純地同化或同構，而是包括西歐科學在內的各類知識在接觸空間中構成多事件共存的復雜糾纏狀態(tài)，并與當?shù)氐恼Z言文化、政治、經(jīng)濟等形成不均勻的異質的多相系統(tǒng)，處于不同價值取向、認識方式和理論視野中的知識在實踐性的緊密接觸中以多重共振的方式、在某種程度上形成一種世界形態(tài)的知識，這種世界形態(tài)的知識構成了全球意義上的科學新形象�；谛碌目茖W形象，現(xiàn)代性危機不再是傳統(tǒng)科學觀所認為的產(chǎn)生于西歐地區(qū)的科學知識的獨立霸權和由之所帶來的強勢控制欲望，而是轉向為游刃于世界知識與實踐之網(wǎng)中的諸多要素的博弈力量，以及由這種博弈力量所形成的產(chǎn)物和結果，這是一種與當代社會現(xiàn)實相契合的新型現(xiàn)代性危機，其解決思路需要以系統(tǒng)性、復雜性的思維方式和操作旨趣對整體的知識-實踐網(wǎng)絡進行多角度、多節(jié)點的制衡和調控，才能逐漸轉化甚至消解這種危機。
[Abstract]:In the traditional concept of scientific understanding, Western science is considered to be objective and universal knowledge system, it is of universality, objectivity and absolute pursuit contained in ancient Greek phenomenon and noumenon two points, philosophy of modern scientific understanding and scientific realism. The universality of traditional science in the view of scientific justification is a purely speculative concept of logical movement, and encountered the logical dilemma. At the same time, along with the reform of the natural ability of science and science has become the basic human life and the most part of the main points in Western Europe centered as the representative of science is considered the origin of the modern crisis. However, it is also based on the phenomenon of taxitic, in the specific social and historical cultural situation in the car and Laboratory of local practice activities, resulting in the rejection of universality, the party inside out In the view of knowledge science. However, although the local knowledge view from the perspective of practice priority of take or avoid attitude towards relativism, but it still did not solve the actual western science embodied in the dissemination of culture and value orientation in the process of a strong narrative of modernity, but inevitably, epistemology and culture on the relativism. At the same time, because of its emphasis on laboratory scientists and other scientists in the car, the experimental instrument, the interaction process of the experimental results, and the alienation of the globalization of the real social history and reality development situation, which still has a certain degree of isolation properties, therefore, the local view of knowledge while starting from naturalism from the perspective of but they do not describe as a scientific picture of the overall picture or being in the world, so as to further describe the air in hybrid Science School image laid the opportunity and possibility. That is to say, the reconstruction of this discourse open localknowledge view for western scientific concepts and provides a perspective and thinking premise of naturalism. In fact, Western science can not be completely attributed to universal knowledge or local knowledge, combining the postcolonial view of science, provides concept support colonial technoscience for western scientific knowledge view reconstruction of actor network theory and travel theory, in the postcolonial technoscience, as a kind of practical knowledge in the context of the form of practice, in the mixed space in the social history and technology experience constitute the heterogeneous elements of "seamless web" or uneven multi phase system with multiple resonance mode to translation, reorganization, or even replace the transaction, thus forming the new image of science and solve the crisis of modernity the new trend. In other words, in the Globalization, contemporary social and historical context of the increasingly frequent exchanges in Western Science in a strong position in the invasion and transformation of knowledge vulnerable knowledge, knowledge is not strong or weak isomorphism simply assimilate knowledge, including science in Western Europe, but all kinds of knowledge in the contact space constitutes a complex entangled multi event coexist, and the local political and economic, language and culture, such as the formation of heterogeneous inhomogeneous multiphase systems, in a different way of knowledge and value orientation, in the view of the theory of knowledge in the practice of close contact with multiple resonance mode, forming a world morphological knowledge to a certain extent, the world of knowledge a new image of the global scientific sense. The new image of science based on the modern crisis is no longer a traditional scientific view that originated in the western regions of the scientific knowledge Independent and strong desire to control the hegemony brought by it, but to force game factors maneuver in the world knowledge and practice in the network, and formed by the power of this game result, this is a new type of modern crisis fit with the reality of contemporary society, the solution needs to the complexity of system, mode of thinking and operation of the whole knowledge and practice purport of network multi angle, multi node balance and regulation, to translate or even eliminated the crisis.

【學位授予單位】：云南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：N09

【參考文獻】

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本文編號：1721212