本文關(guān)鍵詞： 中小學(xué) 生命安全教育 體育課程 基本原則 課程內(nèi)容　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“生命安全教育”是近些年來被人們廣泛關(guān)注的問題,由于中小學(xué)生不具備完善的生命安全知識(shí),以及逃生和避險(xiǎn)所必備的身體素質(zhì)和心理素質(zhì),現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)來臨時(shí),中小學(xué)生不能進(jìn)行及時(shí)有效的應(yīng)對(duì)。因此,針對(duì)中小學(xué)生開設(shè)生命安全知識(shí)與技能教育課程具有十分重要的意義。根據(jù)當(dāng)前中小學(xué)學(xué)生“生命安全教育”的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,本文通過問卷對(duì)河南省十八個(gè)地市的中小學(xué)進(jìn)行抽樣調(diào)查,調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn):各年齡段中小學(xué)生在系統(tǒng)的生命安全教育知識(shí)方面比較匱乏,大多數(shù)中小學(xué)校的生命安全教育內(nèi)容是在其他課程中零星講授的;沒有專門講授生命安全教育知識(shí)、傳授生命安全技能的專業(yè)教師;應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)害和突發(fā)性事件的訓(xùn)練和演習(xí)較少。本文認(rèn)為,目前中小學(xué)校對(duì)生命安全教育存在缺失,小學(xué)生缺乏基本的生命安全知識(shí)和技能,是導(dǎo)致中小學(xué)生屢次受到生命威脅的重要原因。因此,開展系統(tǒng)、專業(yè)的生命安全課程,向中小學(xué)生普及生命安全知識(shí)和技能是各個(gè)中小學(xué)校義不容辭的責(zé)任。本文通過對(duì)如何開展生命安全教育課程進(jìn)行分析后認(rèn)為:在體育課程中融入生命安全教育,既能對(duì)中小學(xué)生進(jìn)行生命安全知識(shí)傳授,又能通過有針對(duì)性的課程對(duì)威脅中小學(xué)生生命的事件開設(shè)相應(yīng)的課程內(nèi)容和應(yīng)對(duì)練習(xí),進(jìn)而培養(yǎng)鍛煉學(xué)生逃生所必須的身體素質(zhì)和心理素質(zhì)、掌握必要的逃生自救技能。為此,就要對(duì)體育課程進(jìn)行必要的改革,在體育課程中融入生命安全教育,建立新課程體系,這也是開展中小學(xué)生命安全教育最佳的解決途徑。體育視域下的中小學(xué)生命安全教育課程的目標(biāo)是保護(hù)學(xué)生生命安全,因此,體育視域下的中小學(xué)生命安全教育課程的指導(dǎo)思想就要區(qū)別于體育課程“健康第一”的指導(dǎo)思想,而是把“安全第一”作為新課程的指導(dǎo)思想,“安全第一”也是“健康第一”的前提和保證,本著“安全第一”的指導(dǎo)思想,在體育視域下的中小學(xué)生命安全教育課程內(nèi)容設(shè)置上必須遵循創(chuàng)新性、連續(xù)性、區(qū)域性等基本原則。針對(duì)于可能會(huì)威脅到中小學(xué)生生命安全的事件開設(shè)相應(yīng)的課程內(nèi)容,第一:基本逃生能力訓(xùn)練,包括行走能力、奔跑能力、跳躍能力、攀爬能力、翻滾能力、游泳能力等課程內(nèi)容;第二:自然災(zāi)害的防護(hù),包括對(duì)洪澇災(zāi)害、地震災(zāi)害、臺(tái)風(fēng)、泥石流等課程內(nèi)容;第三:交通安全防護(hù)的課程內(nèi)容;第四:公共場所安全防護(hù)技能,包括踩踏事件、火災(zāi)等課程內(nèi)容;第五:自護(hù)自救能力訓(xùn)練和食品安全知識(shí)的課程內(nèi)容等。
[Abstract]:"Life safety education" has been widely concerned in recent years. Because primary and middle school students do not have the perfect knowledge of life safety, as well as the physical and psychological qualities necessary to escape and avoid danger, in real life, when danger comes, Primary and middle school students can't deal with it in a timely and effective manner. Therefore, it is of great significance to set up life safety knowledge and skills education for primary and middle school students. According to the current situation of "life safety education" among primary and middle school students, In this paper, a sample survey of primary and secondary schools in 18 prefectures of Henan Province was carried out, and it was found that the knowledge of life safety education of primary and middle school students of all ages was relatively deficient. The contents of life safety education in most primary and secondary schools are taught sporadically in other courses; there are no specialized teachers who teach life safety education knowledge and life safety skills. There are fewer training and exercises to deal with disasters and sudden events. This paper holds that there is a lack of life safety education in primary and secondary schools, and pupils lack basic life safety knowledge and skills. Is an important reason why primary and secondary school students are repeatedly threatened with their lives. It is the unshirkable responsibility of every primary and middle school to popularize life safety knowledge and skills to primary and middle school students. It can not only impart life safety knowledge to primary and middle school students, but also offer corresponding curriculum contents and coping exercises to events threatening the life of primary and middle school students through targeted courses. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the physical education curriculum, integrate life safety education into the physical education curriculum, and establish the new curriculum system. This is also the best way to carry out life safety education in primary and secondary schools. The goal of life safety education curriculum in primary and secondary schools is to protect the life safety of students. The guiding ideology of the life safety education curriculum in primary and secondary schools under the physical education perspective should be distinguished from the guiding ideology of "health first" in the physical education curriculum. Instead, it regards "safety first" as the guiding ideology of the new curriculum, and "safety first" is also the premise and guarantee of "health first", in line with the guiding ideology of "safety first". The curriculum contents of life safety education in primary and middle schools must follow the basic principles of innovation, continuity and regionality, and the corresponding curriculum contents should be set up in view of events that may threaten the life safety of primary and middle school students. First: basic escape ability training, including walking ability, running ability, jumping ability, climbing ability, rolling ability, swimming ability and so on; second: natural disaster protection, including flood disaster, earthquake disaster, typhoon, etc. Debris flow and other courses; third: traffic safety protection curriculum content; 4th: public safety protection skills, including stampede, fire and other courses; 5th: self-care and self-help ability training and food safety knowledge curriculum content.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G637.4;G632.3

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