本文選題：轉(zhuǎn)基因動物 + 生物技術(shù)��； 參考：《中國政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：轉(zhuǎn)基因動物是現(xiàn)代生物技術(shù)尤其是基因技術(shù)的產(chǎn)物。到今天為止,研究機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)研制出轉(zhuǎn)基因鼠、轉(zhuǎn)基因羊、轉(zhuǎn)基因猴等,這些研究成果已經(jīng)已經(jīng)顯示出巨大的商業(yè)前景。隨著生物技術(shù)的逐漸成熟,轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)逐漸成為常規(guī)技術(shù),在動物育種以及基因治療等領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮巨大的作用。越來越多的轉(zhuǎn)基因動物帶來的不止是先進(jìn)的藥物和治療技術(shù),還有因此而產(chǎn)生的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)利益分配糾紛。現(xiàn)階段我國對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物的立法重點尚停留在生物安全與食品安全的監(jiān)管層面,沒有對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物育種者權(quán)利提供足夠的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)。轉(zhuǎn)基因動物知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的法律空白地帶,在技術(shù)發(fā)展越來越依賴專利保護(hù)的今天,顯得不合時宜,也不利于對生物技術(shù)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的激勵。 本文主要以動物科學(xué)和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法學(xué)理論為基礎(chǔ),分析了轉(zhuǎn)基因動物的特點及學(xué)界對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利的不同見解,澄清概念和爭議。最后分析轉(zhuǎn)基因動物的實用性、創(chuàng)造性、涉及的倫理問題等,并從這些方面論證了專利法對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物的合理性和可行性,對我國采取專利保護(hù)轉(zhuǎn)基因動物進(jìn)行了制度探索,以求豐富我國轉(zhuǎn)基因動物知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)理論。 本文大體分為三個部分。 第一部分對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物以及與轉(zhuǎn)基因動物有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)進(jìn)行了概念上的梳理,介紹了轉(zhuǎn)基因動物的概念制作方法等生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識,重點介紹了轉(zhuǎn)基因動物的商業(yè)應(yīng)用前景。另外,對生物技術(shù)專利、基因?qū)＠c轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利的概念進(jìn)行界定,以達(dá)到合理界定本文的討論范圍的目的。另外,本文第一部分還介紹了國外對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利的實踐做法。 本文第二部分重點討論了授予轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利的幾種主要爭議,諸如發(fā)明與發(fā)現(xiàn)之爭、公序良俗之爭、生態(tài)安全之爭和發(fā)展中國家利益平衡之爭。對于這些爭議,本文對爭議采取的是具體分析法,對各個爭議進(jìn)入實質(zhì)分析。隨后深入分析了轉(zhuǎn)基因動物獲得知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的正當(dāng)性,進(jìn)入到專利的實質(zhì)審查層面,分析了轉(zhuǎn)基因動物知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的創(chuàng)造性、新穎性和實用性。 本文第三部分利用我國轉(zhuǎn)基因動物相關(guān)專利的現(xiàn)實案例對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行討論,并對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利保護(hù)進(jìn)行了深入的理論思考和制度探索,提出了轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利的技術(shù)主題確定以及保護(hù)范圍的設(shè)想。 本文最后得出結(jié)論是必須加快對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物育種知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的研究,以求合理界定轉(zhuǎn)基因動物育種人與社會公共利益分配。 本文的主要觀點包括:轉(zhuǎn)基因動物是動物育種人的發(fā)明勞動成果,符合可專利性要件,應(yīng)該獲得專利法的保護(hù)。我國應(yīng)盡快改變對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物簡單地不授予專利保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀,加快對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物育種者權(quán)益的保護(hù),促進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)基因生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Transgenic animals are the product of modern biotechnology, especially genetic technology. So far, research institutions have developed transgenic mice, genetically modified sheep, genetically modified monkeys and so on. These results have shown great commercial prospects. With the development of biotechnology, transgenic technology has become a conventional technique, which plays an important role in animal breeding and gene therapy. More and more genetically modified animals bring not only advanced drugs and treatments, but also intellectual property rights distribution disputes. At present, the focus of legislation on genetically modified animals in our country remains at the level of biosafety and food safety, and there is not enough intellectual property protection for the rights of breeders of transgenic animals. The legal blank zone of intellectual property protection of genetically modified animals, which depends on patent protection more and more in the development of technology, is out of date and unfavorable to the encouragement of the invention and creation of biotechnology. Based on the theories of animal science and intellectual property law, this paper analyzes the characteristics of transgenic animals and the different opinions of scholars on the patent of transgenic animals, and clarifies the concept and controversy. Finally, this paper analyzes the practicability, creativity and ethical problems of transgenic animals, and demonstrates the rationality and feasibility of patent law on transgenic animals from these aspects, and explores the system of patent protection of transgenic animals in China. In order to enrich the theory of intellectual property protection of transgenic animals in China. This paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, the concept of transgenic animals and the intellectual property rights related to transgenic animals are combed, and the basic biological knowledge such as the concept making method of transgenic animals is introduced, and the commercial application prospect of transgenic animals is emphasized. In addition, the concepts of biotechnology patent, gene patent and transgenic animal patent are defined in order to reasonably define the scope of this paper. In addition, the first part of this paper also introduces the foreign patent practices on genetically modified animals. In the second part of this paper, the author mainly discusses several kinds of disputes about the patent of genetically modified animals, such as invention and discovery, public order and good custom, ecological security and the balance of interests in developing countries. For these disputes, this article adopts the concrete analysis method to the dispute, enters the substantive analysis to each dispute. Then it analyzes the legitimacy of transgenic animals to obtain intellectual property rights protection, enters into the essence of patent examination, and analyzes the creativity, novelty and practicability of transgenic animals intellectual property rights. In the third part of this paper, the current situation of patent protection of transgenic animals is discussed, and the theoretical thinking and institutional exploration of patent protection of transgenic animals are discussed. The technical theme and the scope of protection of the patent for genetically modified animals are put forward. Finally, it is concluded that it is necessary to speed up the research on intellectual property protection of transgenic animal breeding in order to reasonably define the distribution of human and social public interest in transgenic animal breeding. The main viewpoints of this paper are as follows: transgenic animals are the result of animal breeders' invention and labor, which accord with the requirements of patentability and should be protected by patent law. China should change the current situation of simply not granting patent protection to transgenic animals as soon as possible, accelerate the protection of the rights and interests of breeders of transgenic animals, and promote the development of transgenic biotechnology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D923.42;Q789

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