高中地理教學中基于視覺心理的地圖運用研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-09 15:14
【摘要】：地圖在地理教學中有著舉足輕重的地位,學生獲取地圖信息的主要途徑是通過視覺感知,從而在腦中形成表象,并進一步產(chǎn)生情感、記憶、思考等心理活動,因此本文著重研究基于學生視覺心理的高中地圖運用。通過閱讀文獻,首先對國內(nèi)外關(guān)于視覺心理在地圖運用中的研究進行了概括與介紹,國外關(guān)于視覺心理在地圖運用中的研究現(xiàn)狀主要表現(xiàn)在三個方面:(1)重視視覺對不同信息呈現(xiàn)的方式與載體的感知;(2)注重基于學生視覺心理的地圖能力的培養(yǎng);(3)重視學生視覺心理與心理地圖構(gòu)建的聯(lián)系。國內(nèi)關(guān)于視覺心理在地圖運用中的研究現(xiàn)狀則表現(xiàn)為:(1)從視覺感知出發(fā)研究地圖在地理教學中的作用和功能;(2)注重研究電子地圖對學生視覺的沖擊及其在教學中的應用;(3)從認知角度來研究地圖的設(shè)計以及對學生的影響。由此可見,國內(nèi)外對視覺心理在地圖運用中的作用非常重視,而我國則主要從認知角度研究地圖的設(shè)計,很少從視覺心理的角度分析地圖在教與學中的應用及研究如何更好地利用學生的視覺心理探索地圖運用的方法或提高地圖運用的效率與質(zhì)量。本文還對視覺心理和地圖的概念進行了界定,認為地圖運用中的視覺心理是指人通過視覺接觸地圖中的圖像信息,經(jīng)由大腦分析整理,能夠?qū)⒌乇硎挛?例如圖形、色彩等)描述清楚,并能做出一定的心理反應行為。而地圖是指根據(jù)一定的數(shù)學法則,將地球或星球的自然現(xiàn)象和社會現(xiàn)象通過概括和符號縮繪在平面上的圖形,地圖運用則主要指對地圖的處理、呈現(xiàn)和解釋。其次,闡釋了地圖運用中的視覺心理作用機制,學生通過視覺獲取信息的普遍習慣是從左到右,從上到下和順時針方向運動,視區(qū)內(nèi)上部比下部注目程度高,左側(cè)比右側(cè)更引人注意,同時,視覺器官——眼睛獲取地圖信息后先在腦中形成表象,即對所看地圖的復制,之后通過知覺進一步形成意象,即產(chǎn)生了情感體驗、記憶、思考等心理活動,從而對所復制的地圖產(chǎn)生了聯(lián)想、想象,使其在腦中留下的表象發(fā)生了一定程度的變化。之后,對地圖運用的相關(guān)理論也進行了分析,主要闡釋了地圖空間認知論和“視覺-空間”智能發(fā)展理論,還對視覺心理與地圖運用的關(guān)系進行了分析與歸納,認為(1)視覺心理的理論豐富了地圖處理的依據(jù);(2)視覺心理的運用強化了地圖信息的傳達。還分析了影響地圖運用的視覺心理因素,包括形式因素,如點、線、面、色彩以及動態(tài)因素等。然后通過問卷的形式對高中教師、學生用圖喜好、習慣、面臨的困惑等進行了解,并分析高中地圖運用中存在的一些問題,(1)地理教學中教師地圖運用的不足有:(1)缺少合適的地圖,修圖能力較弱;(2)地圖擺放講究少,指圖不夠規(guī)范;(3)引導學生完善心理地圖的意識薄弱;(2)地理學習中學生地圖運用的不足有:(1)地圖學習興趣不夠濃烈;(2)讀圖、用圖技能欠缺;(3)重現(xiàn)地圖的能力較弱。最后,結(jié)合這些問題,由視覺心理的原理和地圖教學理論的指導,本文提出了一些基于視覺心理的高中地圖運用的策略建議:(1)增強地圖處理的合理性與科學性,加強地圖內(nèi)容的視覺刺激;(2)注意地圖呈現(xiàn)的規(guī)范性和多樣性,關(guān)注地圖呈現(xiàn)的視覺拉力;(3)加強地圖解釋的引導性和側(cè)重點,促進地圖信息的維度轉(zhuǎn)化。以教導學,從學生的視覺心理出發(fā),增加課堂地圖運用的視覺吸引力,增加學生對地圖運用和學習的興趣。
[Abstract]:The map plays a very important role in the geography teaching, the main way of the students to get the map information is through the visual perception, so as to form the appearance in the brain, and further generate the psychological activities such as emotion, memory, thinking and so on, Therefore, this paper focuses on the application of high school map based on the students' visual psychology. Through the reading of the literature, firstly, the research of the visual psychology in the application of the map is summarized and introduced, and the research status of the foreign language on the application of the visual psychology in the map is mainly presented in three aspects: (1) the perception of the way of the visual on the presentation of different information and the carrier; (2) Pay attention to the training of the map ability based on the students' visual psychology; (3) pay attention to the connection between the students' visual psychology and the psychological map construction. The present research status of visual psychology in the application of map is: (1) to study the function and function of the map in the geography teaching from the visual perception; (2) to pay attention to the impact of the electronic map on the students' vision and its application in the teaching; (3) To study the design of the map and the influence to the students from the cognitive perspective. Therefore, the role of the visual psychology in the application of the map is very important at home and abroad, and our country mainly studies the design of the map from the cognitive perspective. It is very rare to analyze the application of the map in teaching and learning from the point of view of the visual psychology and how to use the students' visual psychology to explore the method of using the map or to improve the efficiency and quality of the map application. The concept of visual psychology and map is also defined, and it is considered that the visual psychology in the application of the map refers to the visual contact of the image information in the map, and through the analysis and arrangement of the brain, it is possible to describe the surface things (such as graphics, colors, etc.). And a certain psychological reaction behavior can be made. The map is a graph of the natural phenomena and social phenomena of the earth or the planet in the plane according to a certain mathematical law, and the application of the map mainly refers to the processing, presentation and interpretation of the map. Secondly, the mechanism of visual psychological function in the application of the map is explained. The general habit of the students to obtain the information through the visual information is from left to right, from top to bottom and in the clockwise direction, and the upper part of the visual area is higher than that of the lower part, and the left side is more noticeable than the right side, and at the same time, After the visual organ _ eye acquires the map information, the image is first formed in the brain, that is, the copy of the map is viewed, and then the image is further formed through the perception, so that the mental activity such as the emotional experience, the memory, the thinking and the like is generated, and the association and the imagination are generated on the copied map, A degree of change has taken place in the image left behind in the brain. Then, the relevant theories of the application of the map are also analyzed, the cognitive theory of the map space and the theory of the intelligent development of the "visual-space" are mainly explained, and the relation between the visual psychology and the map application is analyzed and summarized, and the theory of the visual psychology is considered to enrich the basis of the map processing; (2) The use of visual psychology has strengthened the transmission of map information. The visual psychological factors that affect the application of the map are also analyzed, including the form factor, such as point, line, face, color and dynamic factors. Then, through the form of the questionnaire to the high school teachers, the students have the understanding of using the preference, the habit, the face of the confusion and so on, and analyze some problems in the application of the high school map, (1) the lack of the application of the teacher's map in the geography teaching is: (1) the lack of a suitable map, (2) It is not enough to guide the students to improve the mental map; (2) The shortage of the map of the students in the geography study is: (1) The learning interest of the map is not strong enough; (3) The ability to reproduce the map is weak. Finally, in combination with these problems, from the principle of visual psychology and the guidance of the theory of map teaching, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for the application of the high school map based on the visual psychology: (1) the rationality and the scientific nature of the map processing are enhanced, and the visual stimulation of the content of the map is strengthened; (2) Pay attention to the standardization and diversity of the map presentation, pay attention to the visual tension of the map presentation, (3) strengthen the guidance and focus of the map interpretation, and promote the dimension transformation of the map information. On the basis of the teaching, from the students' visual psychology, the visual appeal of the application of the class map is increased, and the students' interest in the application and study of the map is increased.
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.55
本文編號：2437587
[Abstract]:The map plays a very important role in the geography teaching, the main way of the students to get the map information is through the visual perception, so as to form the appearance in the brain, and further generate the psychological activities such as emotion, memory, thinking and so on, Therefore, this paper focuses on the application of high school map based on the students' visual psychology. Through the reading of the literature, firstly, the research of the visual psychology in the application of the map is summarized and introduced, and the research status of the foreign language on the application of the visual psychology in the map is mainly presented in three aspects: (1) the perception of the way of the visual on the presentation of different information and the carrier; (2) Pay attention to the training of the map ability based on the students' visual psychology; (3) pay attention to the connection between the students' visual psychology and the psychological map construction. The present research status of visual psychology in the application of map is: (1) to study the function and function of the map in the geography teaching from the visual perception; (2) to pay attention to the impact of the electronic map on the students' vision and its application in the teaching; (3) To study the design of the map and the influence to the students from the cognitive perspective. Therefore, the role of the visual psychology in the application of the map is very important at home and abroad, and our country mainly studies the design of the map from the cognitive perspective. It is very rare to analyze the application of the map in teaching and learning from the point of view of the visual psychology and how to use the students' visual psychology to explore the method of using the map or to improve the efficiency and quality of the map application. The concept of visual psychology and map is also defined, and it is considered that the visual psychology in the application of the map refers to the visual contact of the image information in the map, and through the analysis and arrangement of the brain, it is possible to describe the surface things (such as graphics, colors, etc.). And a certain psychological reaction behavior can be made. The map is a graph of the natural phenomena and social phenomena of the earth or the planet in the plane according to a certain mathematical law, and the application of the map mainly refers to the processing, presentation and interpretation of the map. Secondly, the mechanism of visual psychological function in the application of the map is explained. The general habit of the students to obtain the information through the visual information is from left to right, from top to bottom and in the clockwise direction, and the upper part of the visual area is higher than that of the lower part, and the left side is more noticeable than the right side, and at the same time, After the visual organ _ eye acquires the map information, the image is first formed in the brain, that is, the copy of the map is viewed, and then the image is further formed through the perception, so that the mental activity such as the emotional experience, the memory, the thinking and the like is generated, and the association and the imagination are generated on the copied map, A degree of change has taken place in the image left behind in the brain. Then, the relevant theories of the application of the map are also analyzed, the cognitive theory of the map space and the theory of the intelligent development of the "visual-space" are mainly explained, and the relation between the visual psychology and the map application is analyzed and summarized, and the theory of the visual psychology is considered to enrich the basis of the map processing; (2) The use of visual psychology has strengthened the transmission of map information. The visual psychological factors that affect the application of the map are also analyzed, including the form factor, such as point, line, face, color and dynamic factors. Then, through the form of the questionnaire to the high school teachers, the students have the understanding of using the preference, the habit, the face of the confusion and so on, and analyze some problems in the application of the high school map, (1) the lack of the application of the teacher's map in the geography teaching is: (1) the lack of a suitable map, (2) It is not enough to guide the students to improve the mental map; (2) The shortage of the map of the students in the geography study is: (1) The learning interest of the map is not strong enough; (3) The ability to reproduce the map is weak. Finally, in combination with these problems, from the principle of visual psychology and the guidance of the theory of map teaching, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for the application of the high school map based on the visual psychology: (1) the rationality and the scientific nature of the map processing are enhanced, and the visual stimulation of the content of the map is strengthened; (2) Pay attention to the standardization and diversity of the map presentation, pay attention to the visual tension of the map presentation, (3) strengthen the guidance and focus of the map interpretation, and promote the dimension transformation of the map information. On the basis of the teaching, from the students' visual psychology, the visual appeal of the application of the class map is increased, and the students' interest in the application and study of the map is increased.
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.55
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