【摘要】：在世界強(qiáng)國(guó)之間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)由戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)轉(zhuǎn)為人才爭(zhēng)奪的21世紀(jì),中小學(xué)生能否順利成才意味著祖國(guó)在未來(lái)幾十年中的發(fā)展前景,而在眾多考量人才標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,健康的身體素質(zhì)無(wú)疑是最基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)也是最重要的。改革開(kāi)放后八次大規(guī)模國(guó)民體質(zhì)健康監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,我國(guó)廣大中小學(xué)生身體形態(tài)指標(biāo)有所改善,但身體機(jī)能和身體素質(zhì)指標(biāo)則出現(xiàn)不同程度下降,這與平時(shí)缺乏充足的體育鍛煉密切相關(guān)。因此,2002年起,教育部、國(guó)家體育總局聯(lián)合下發(fā)《學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,后經(jīng)修訂,正式用于指導(dǎo)各級(jí)學(xué)校開(kāi)展學(xué)生體育教育工作,起到了一定積極作用。但是,在校園體育教育的課外體育活動(dòng),依然處于教育和管理的盲區(qū),存在很多問(wèn)題亟待解決。本文綜合運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)資料、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、訪(fǎng)談、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)等方法,以長(zhǎng)春市中小學(xué)課外體育活動(dòng)開(kāi)展現(xiàn)狀為研究對(duì)象,考察學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康狀況和課外體育鍛煉情況,并建立起二者之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。本文主要得出以下幾點(diǎn)結(jié)論:第一,體質(zhì)健康現(xiàn)狀,整體上,長(zhǎng)春市中小學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康不及格率較高,而及格、良好、優(yōu)秀的比例低于全國(guó)平均水平;具體指標(biāo)方面,身高具有一定優(yōu)勢(shì),但超重、肥胖比例較高。第二,課外體育活動(dòng)現(xiàn)狀,長(zhǎng)春市中小學(xué)生對(duì)體質(zhì)健康與課外體育活動(dòng)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性關(guān)系認(rèn)識(shí)較為充分;體育鍛煉態(tài)度積極、動(dòng)機(jī)良好;組織形式以同學(xué)朋友一起為主;項(xiàng)目選擇男生側(cè)重對(duì)抗性球類(lèi),女生側(cè)重于非對(duì)抗性球類(lèi)及舞蹈、跑步等項(xiàng)目;地點(diǎn)以校內(nèi)場(chǎng)地為主,社會(huì)場(chǎng)館為輔;頻度主要集中于1次每周,時(shí)長(zhǎng)少于0.5小時(shí),無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)的要求;時(shí)段集中于下午和晚上,對(duì)早晨黃金時(shí)間利用較少;鍛煉強(qiáng)度分布較為均勻,但總體上強(qiáng)度不高。本文研究結(jié)果表明,課外體育鍛煉方法不科學(xué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)量不足等原因是造成長(zhǎng)春市中小學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康水平較低的主要因素,在“以人為本”教育理念下,需要學(xué)校和家長(zhǎng)齊心協(xié)力,為中小學(xué)生加強(qiáng)課外體育鍛煉提供更加優(yōu)越的外部環(huán)境,同時(shí)逐步引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自覺(jué)養(yǎng)成終身體育的主體意識(shí),為培養(yǎng)健康體魄和精神打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In the 21st century, when the competition between the world's great powers has changed from war to talent competition, the success of primary and secondary school students means the development prospects of the motherland in the coming decades, and among the many standards of considering talents, healthy physical fitness is undoubtedly the most basic. It is also the most important thing. After the reform and opening up to the outside world, eight large-scale national physical health monitoring data showed that the body shape index of the vast number of primary and middle school students in our country has improved, but the body function and physical fitness index have decreased in varying degrees. This is closely related to the lack of adequate physical exercise at ordinary times. Therefore, since 2002, the Ministry of Education and the State General Administration of physical Education jointly issued the Standard of students' physical Health, which was revised and formally used to guide schools at all levels to carry out the work of student physical education, which has played a positive role. However, extracurricular sports activities in campus physical education are still in the blind area of education and management, and many problems need to be solved. Based on the methods of literature, questionnaire, interview, mathematical statistics and so on, the present situation of extracurricular sports activities in primary and secondary schools in Changchun is taken as the research object to investigate students' physical health and extracurricular physical exercise. And establish the internal relationship between the two. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the current situation of physical health, on the whole, Changchun primary and middle school students' physical health failure rate is higher, and pass, good, excellent ratio is lower than the national average level; Specific indicators, height has a certain advantage, but overweight, obesity ratio is higher. Second, the current situation of extracurricular sports activities, Changchun primary and middle school students to physical health and extracurricular sports activities between the relevance of understanding more fully; physical exercise attitude, good motivation; Project selection: male students focus on adversarial ball games, girls focus on non-confrontational ball games and dance, running, etc. The frequency is mainly concentrated once a week, the duration is less than 0.5 hours, which can not meet the requirements of strengthening physique; the time period is concentrated in the afternoon and evening, the use of golden time in the morning is less; the intensity distribution of exercise is more uniform, but the overall intensity is not high. The results of this study show that the unscientific methods of extracurricular physical exercise and the insufficient amount of exercise are the main factors that cause the lower level of physical health of primary and middle school students in Changchun. Under the educational concept of "people-oriented", It is necessary for schools and parents to make concerted efforts to provide a more superior external environment for primary and secondary school students to strengthen extracurricular physical exercise, at the same time, to gradually guide students to consciously cultivate the subjective consciousness of lifelong physical education, and lay a solid foundation for the cultivation of healthy physique and spirit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G633.96

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