海德格爾存在論的時(shí)間問(wèn)題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-25 14:59
【摘要】：在西方哲學(xué)史上,時(shí)間的研究幾乎和存在論一樣源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。從古希臘到康德,從柏格森到狄爾泰,哲學(xué)家將時(shí)間問(wèn)題納入宇宙探索到人的本質(zhì)反思等多個(gè)層面,逐漸建構(gòu)出一條貫穿西方哲學(xué)史對(duì)于時(shí)間進(jìn)行感知與探討的較為完整的線索�！皶r(shí)間”作為反思西方哲學(xué)史中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,對(duì)時(shí)間的探討總是包涵著人的自我認(rèn)知以及探究周?chē)澜绲呐�。但�?在西方哲學(xué)傳統(tǒng)中,存在與時(shí)間幾乎是兩個(gè)互不相關(guān)的概念,海德格爾卻堅(jiān)信,哲學(xué)要真正把存在作為存在本身來(lái)思考,就必須從時(shí)間問(wèn)題著手。雖然西方哲學(xué)史上的主線,向來(lái)就是關(guān)于存在的言說(shuō)、研究存在的學(xué)問(wèn),但海德格爾認(rèn)為,從柏拉圖、亞里士多德直到黑格爾的傳統(tǒng)形而上學(xué)有一個(gè)根本性錯(cuò)誤,那就是在沒(méi)有了解存在物究竟怎樣在以前就肯定了它們的在,以對(duì)在者的研究代替了對(duì)在本身的研究。而在海德格爾看來(lái),在和在者有著嚴(yán)格的區(qū)別,一切在者首先必須在,才能成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的在者。本文立足于海德格爾存在論的立場(chǎng),嘗試著從海德格爾時(shí)間的本質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)和意義出發(fā),通過(guò)與以往哲學(xué)家的時(shí)間觀作對(duì)比,從而對(duì)海德格爾的時(shí)間觀進(jìn)行闡釋。概括而言,本文分為五大部分。具體來(lái)講,各部分主要內(nèi)容如下:第一部分為緒論部分,這一部分就本論文的選題的緣由及意義、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀等方面從總體上進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要介紹;第二部分,梳理海德格爾之前西方哲學(xué)家對(duì)于時(shí)間的研究狀況,逐漸描畫(huà)西方哲學(xué)史中的時(shí)間觀的線索,從而廓清不同歷史時(shí)段的時(shí)間觀及核心范疇,指出了在各個(gè)階段時(shí)間問(wèn)題呈現(xiàn)出的不同特點(diǎn),描摹出各種時(shí)間觀念遇到的困境及需要解決的問(wèn)題;第三部分,將從海德格爾時(shí)間觀產(chǎn)生的背景、海氏對(duì)流俗時(shí)間觀的批判和對(duì)胡塞爾時(shí)間觀的揚(yáng)棄來(lái)追溯海德格爾時(shí)間觀的淵源;第四部分,分別從時(shí)間的本質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)及意義來(lái)闡述海德格爾存在論中的時(shí)間觀;第五部分,為海德格爾時(shí)間觀的評(píng)析,分析其影響與局限性,客觀看待其時(shí)間觀。海德格爾的時(shí)間觀極其深刻地把握了人的這一存在根基,對(duì)于我們理解自身之所是有著非常重要的啟示意義的。他的時(shí)間觀既不是亞里士多德的作為均勻流逝的事關(guān)事物運(yùn)動(dòng)的物理學(xué)時(shí)間觀,也不是康德的作為認(rèn)識(shí)的先天條件的感性直觀形式的認(rèn)識(shí)論意義上的時(shí)間觀,而是存在論意義上的時(shí)間觀。
[Abstract]:In the history of western philosophy, the study of time is almost as long as existentialism. From ancient Greece to Kant, from Bergson to Dilthey, philosophers incorporated the question of time into the exploration of the universe to reflect on the essence of man, and so on. Gradually construct a more complete clue to the perception and discussion of time through the history of western philosophy. As a key word to reflect on the history of western philosophy, the discussion of time always involves the self-cognition and the efforts to explore the surrounding world. However, in the tradition of western philosophy, existence and time are almost two independent concepts, but Heidegger firmly believes that if philosophy really considers existence as being itself, it must start with the question of time. Although the main line in the history of western philosophy has always been the theory of existence and the study of existence, Heidegger believes that there is a fundamental mistake in the traditional metaphysics of Plato, Aristotle and Hegel, but Heidegger believes that there is a fundamental error in the traditional metaphysics of Plato, Aristotle and Hegel. That is to say, the study of the being replaces the study of the being with the study of the being, in the absence of an understanding of how the being really existed before they were confirmed. In Heidegger's view, there is a strict difference between the present and the in-being, and all the in-being must first be in order to become the reality of the in-presence. Based on Heidegger's existential theory, this paper attempts to explain Heidegger's view of time by comparing it with the former philosophers' view of time, starting from the nature, characteristics and significance of Heidegger's time. Generally speaking, this paper is divided into five parts. Specifically, the main contents of each part are as follows: the first part is the introduction part, this part gives a brief introduction to the reasons and significance of this paper, the current research situation at home and abroad and so on. The second part is to sort out the research status of the western philosophers on time before Heidegger, and gradually draw the clues of the time view in the history of western philosophy, so as to clear up the time view and the core category of different historical periods. This paper points out the different characteristics of the time problem in each stage, describes the difficulties encountered by various time concepts and the problems that need to be solved. The third part will trace the origin of Heidegger's time view from the background of Heidegger's time view, Heidegger's criticism of vulgar time view and the sublation of Husserl's time view. The fourth part expounds Heidegger's view of time in his existentialism from the nature, characteristics and significance of time; the fifth part is the analysis of Heidegger's view of time, analyzes its influence and limitation, and looks upon it objectively. Heidegger's view of time has a profound grasp of the foundation of human existence, and it is very important for us to understand what we are. His view of time is neither Aristotle's view of time in physics, which concerns the movement of things as a uniform passage, nor Kant's view of time in the epistemological sense of perceptual and intuitive form as the innate condition of cognition. It is an existential view of time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B516.54
本文編號(hào)：2447076
[Abstract]:In the history of western philosophy, the study of time is almost as long as existentialism. From ancient Greece to Kant, from Bergson to Dilthey, philosophers incorporated the question of time into the exploration of the universe to reflect on the essence of man, and so on. Gradually construct a more complete clue to the perception and discussion of time through the history of western philosophy. As a key word to reflect on the history of western philosophy, the discussion of time always involves the self-cognition and the efforts to explore the surrounding world. However, in the tradition of western philosophy, existence and time are almost two independent concepts, but Heidegger firmly believes that if philosophy really considers existence as being itself, it must start with the question of time. Although the main line in the history of western philosophy has always been the theory of existence and the study of existence, Heidegger believes that there is a fundamental mistake in the traditional metaphysics of Plato, Aristotle and Hegel, but Heidegger believes that there is a fundamental error in the traditional metaphysics of Plato, Aristotle and Hegel. That is to say, the study of the being replaces the study of the being with the study of the being, in the absence of an understanding of how the being really existed before they were confirmed. In Heidegger's view, there is a strict difference between the present and the in-being, and all the in-being must first be in order to become the reality of the in-presence. Based on Heidegger's existential theory, this paper attempts to explain Heidegger's view of time by comparing it with the former philosophers' view of time, starting from the nature, characteristics and significance of Heidegger's time. Generally speaking, this paper is divided into five parts. Specifically, the main contents of each part are as follows: the first part is the introduction part, this part gives a brief introduction to the reasons and significance of this paper, the current research situation at home and abroad and so on. The second part is to sort out the research status of the western philosophers on time before Heidegger, and gradually draw the clues of the time view in the history of western philosophy, so as to clear up the time view and the core category of different historical periods. This paper points out the different characteristics of the time problem in each stage, describes the difficulties encountered by various time concepts and the problems that need to be solved. The third part will trace the origin of Heidegger's time view from the background of Heidegger's time view, Heidegger's criticism of vulgar time view and the sublation of Husserl's time view. The fourth part expounds Heidegger's view of time in his existentialism from the nature, characteristics and significance of time; the fifth part is the analysis of Heidegger's view of time, analyzes its influence and limitation, and looks upon it objectively. Heidegger's view of time has a profound grasp of the foundation of human existence, and it is very important for us to understand what we are. His view of time is neither Aristotle's view of time in physics, which concerns the movement of things as a uniform passage, nor Kant's view of time in the epistemological sense of perceptual and intuitive form as the innate condition of cognition. It is an existential view of time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B516.54
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