【摘要】：《管子》是我國古代的一部重要典籍。該書非管仲自著,且非一人一時(shí)之書,而是由后人相繼編撰而成�！豆茏印穬�(nèi)容繁雜、包舉百家,相當(dāng)于一部先秦時(shí)代的一部小百科全書。書中蘊(yùn)含著豐富的賞罰思想,它不但對齊國霸政發(fā)揮了重要的作用,而且在中國古代賞罰思想發(fā)展史上也占有一席之地。本文即從《管子》賞罰思想的成因、內(nèi)容、特點(diǎn)以及影響等方面對《管子》的賞罰思想進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的探討。具體而言,除緒論外,全文共分四章來論述《管子》的賞罰思想。第一章主要論述了管仲其人和《管子》其書。本文認(rèn)為中國歷史上有一個(gè)獨(dú)立的管仲學(xué)派,《管子》則是管仲學(xué)派的思想資料的匯編。第二章論述了《管子》賞罰思想的內(nèi)容。主要分為以下幾個(gè)方面:《管子》賞罰思想的成因;賞罰可用的依據(jù);賞罰的功用;賞罰的原則。本文主要從思想淵源和時(shí)代因素兩個(gè)方面來論述《管子》賞罰思想是如何形成的。《管子》認(rèn)為人性好利,故而賞罰可用。關(guān)于賞罰的功用,《管子》主要從政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)、人才和社會道德以及外交這六個(gè)方面來進(jìn)行闡述的。在賞罰原則方面,《管子》主要從依法賞罰、信賞必罰、賞罰有度、賞罰適時(shí)、刑德并用和隨時(shí)因俗這六個(gè)方面來論述的。第三章論述了《管子》賞罰思想的特點(diǎn)。首先,帶有濃厚的陰陽五行色彩�！豆茏印返年庩栁逍姓f,概而言之,主要有兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn):其一,君主必須按照時(shí)節(jié)的五行屬性在不同季節(jié)、月份頒行不同的政令。其二,違背時(shí)令而隨意施政將會受到上天的懲罰。其次,主張君主要率先遵法。再次,由于《管子》非一人一時(shí)之筆,因此在若干問題上觀點(diǎn)不盡一致,甚至互相抵牾。例如,在刑罰方面,便有省刑、輕刑與嚴(yán)刑、重刑之別。最后,論述了與“有功必賞,有罪必罰”這種賞罰主張不同的幾種特例。主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面:不尊令者,雖有功亦罪之;從循名責(zé)實(shí)的角度,主張功言相當(dāng);主張老弱不刑;罪不獨(dú)及,賞不專予。第四章論述了《管子》賞罰思想的歷史影響。主要包括以下幾個(gè)內(nèi)容:首先,對當(dāng)時(shí)齊國政治的影響。《管子》不但對齊桓公首霸春秋具有重要影響,還對后來的田齊君主變法圖霸發(fā)揮了重要的指導(dǎo)作用。其次,對后世治國策略的影響�！豆茏印返男痰录媸┧枷虢�(jīng)董仲舒等人的改造、發(fā)展,最終形成了德主刑輔,禮法兼治的治國策略,且為后世統(tǒng)治者所襲用。再次,對后世政治家、思想家的影響。這其中最為典型的當(dāng)屬韓非和諸葛亮。最后,論述了《管子》賞罰思想在中國古代賞罰思想發(fā)展史上的地位。本文認(rèn)為,研究中國古代賞罰思想史,《管子》是不可逾越的一步。最后,結(jié)論部分,總結(jié)全文,并簡要論述了《管子》賞罰思想的現(xiàn)代價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Guanzi is an important ancient book in China. This book is not written by Guan Zhong, and is not a book written by one person for a while, but is compiled by later generations one after another. The contents of Guanzi are complicated, which is equivalent to a small encyclopedia of the pre-Qin period. The book contains rich thought of reward and punishment, which not only plays an important role in the reign of Qi, but also occupies a place in the history of the development of the thought of reward and punishment in ancient China. This paper makes a systematic discussion on the thought of reward and punishment from the causes, contents, characteristics and effects of the thought of reward and punishment. Specifically, in addition to the introduction, the full text is divided into four chapters to discuss the thought of reward and punishment. The first chapter mainly discusses Guan Zhong's people and Guanzi's book. This paper holds that there is an independent Guan Zhong school in the history of China, and Guanzi is a compilation of the ideological materials of the Guan Zhong school. The second chapter discusses the content of the thought of reward and punishment. It is mainly divided into the following aspects: the cause of formation of the thought of reward and punishment; the basis of the possibility of reward and punishment; the function of reward and punishment; the principle of reward and punishment. This paper mainly discusses how the thought of "Guanzi >" is formed from two aspects: the origin of thought and the factors of the times. "Guanzi" thinks that human nature is good and beneficial, so the reward and punishment can be used. As for the function of reward and punishment, Guanzi is mainly expounded in six aspects: politics, military, economy, talent and social morality, and diplomacy. In the respect of the principle of reward and punishment, Guanzi is mainly discussed from six aspects: reward and punishment according to law, reward and punishment must be punished, rewards and punishments have degree, rewards and punishments are timely, punishment and morality are used and custom is used at any time. The third chapter discusses the characteristics of the thought of reward and punishment. First of all, there are two main points of view: first, the monarch must issue different decrees in different seasons according to the attributes of the five elements of the season. Second, arbitrary administration against time will be punished by heaven. Secondly, advocate that the monarch is the first to abide by the law. Thirdly, due to the fact that "Guanzi" is not a one-man pen, opinions on a number of issues differ or even contradict each other. For example, in the aspect of punishment, there is the difference between light punishment and severe punishment. Finally, it discusses several special cases which are different from "reward for meritorious service and punishment for guilt". Mainly in the following aspects: not respecting orders, although meritorious, but also guilty; from the point of view of the name of the responsibility, the argument is equal; advocate that the old weak not to punish; crime is not exclusive, reward is not exclusively given. The fourth chapter discusses the historical influence of the thought of reward and punishment. The main contents are as follows: first, the influence on the politics of Qi at that time. "Guanzi" not only had an important influence on the reign of Duke Huan of Qi, but also played an important guiding role in the later reform of the Emperor of Tianqi. Secondly, the influence on the strategy of governing the country in later generations. The thought of "punishment and morality" was reformed and developed by Dong Zhongshu and others, and finally formed the strategy of ruling the country by virtue and law as well as by the rule of law, which was used by the rulers of later generations. Thirdly, the influence on the later generation politicians and thinkers. The most typical of them are Han Fei and Zhuge Liang. Finally, the paper discusses the position of the thought of reward and punishment in the history of ancient Chinese thought of reward and punishment. This paper holds that it is an insurmountable step to study the history of the thought of reward and punishment in ancient China. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the full text, and briefly discusses the modern value of the thought of reward and punishment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：齊齊哈爾大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B226.1

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