【摘要】：目的:調(diào)查造船廠電焊作業(yè)工人的職業(yè)環(huán)境,了解企業(yè)作業(yè)環(huán)境衛(wèi)生狀況;對電焊作業(yè)所造成的職業(yè)健康問題進(jìn)行分析,掌握其對工人健康狀況的影響;比較不同特征電焊工作人員的健康狀況并探索其影響因素,為職業(yè)病的防治工作提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。對象與方法:對某造船廠七個車間的電焊作業(yè)場所進(jìn)行職業(yè)環(huán)境調(diào)查與職業(yè)性有害因素檢測,收集造船廠967名電焊工作人員職業(yè)健康檢查資料。利用EXCEL錄入數(shù)據(jù),導(dǎo)入SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計軟件進(jìn)行分析。對心電圖、X線胸片、血ALT、肺功能改變的可能影響因素進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果:(1)基本工藝及職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理:焊接是該企業(yè)生產(chǎn)加工重要生產(chǎn)工藝,該企業(yè)7個車間均有焊接作業(yè)崗位。建立了職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理機(jī)構(gòu),配備了機(jī)械通風(fēng)和個人使用的職業(yè)病防護(hù)用品,提供了職業(yè)病性有害因素檢測和職工職業(yè)健康檢查等基本的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。(2)車間檢測:焊接車間電焊煙塵短時間接觸濃度(CSTEL)和時間加權(quán)平均濃度(CTWA)均超限,其中以結(jié)構(gòu)、模塊和配管車間CsTEL和CTWA超限率較高;錳、臭氧、氮氧化物、一氧化碳均不超過職業(yè)接觸限值。(3)職業(yè)健康檢查:焊工肺功能、X線胸片、血ALT和心電圖異常率分別為30.6%、11.3%、13.9%和15.4%。暴露電焊煙塵濃度超限的焊工肺功能、X線胸片異常率明顯高于不超限組,結(jié)果差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05)。(4)Logistic回歸分析:X線胸片異常與電焊煙塵CTWA超限(P=0.026,OR=1.982,B=0.68)和工齡(P=0.000,OR=1.465,B=0.382)有關(guān);肺功能的異常也與電焊煙塵CTWA 超限(P=0.027,OR=1.512,B=0.414)和工齡(P=0.000,R=1.286,B=0.252)有關(guān)。電焊煙塵暴露超限和工齡是該企業(yè)電焊職工X線胸片和肺功能異常的主要危險因素。結(jié)論:該企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生狀況整體不良,尤其電焊煙塵超限嚴(yán)重。電焊作業(yè)人員健康狀況較差,電焊煙塵暴露和工齡是職工影響職業(yè)健康的主要危險因素。必須采取有效的措施,降低電焊煙塵濃度。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the occupational environment of electric welding workers in shipyards, to understand the environmental hygiene status of enterprises, to analyze the occupational health problems caused by electric welding operation, and to understand its influence on workers' health status. The health status of welding workers with different characteristics was compared and the influencing factors were explored in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. Objects and methods: occupational environment investigation and occupational harmful factors detection were carried out in seven electric welding workplaces of a shipyard. Data of occupational health examination of 967 welding workers in shipyard were collected. Using EXCEL input data, import SPSS17.0 statistical software for analysis. The possible influencing factors of electrocardiogram, X-ray chest film and blood ALT, pulmonary function were analyzed. Results: (1) basic process and occupational hygiene management: welding is an important production process in this enterprise, and welding jobs are available in 7 workshops of the enterprise. (a) the establishment of an occupational health administration, equipped with mechanical ventilation and occupational disease protective equipment for personal use, Basic occupational health services such as occupational hazard factors detection and occupational health examination were provided. (2) Workshop detection: short time exposure concentration (CSTEL) and time weighted average concentration (CTWA) of welding dust in welding workshop exceeded the limit. Among them, the structure, module and pipe workshop CsTEL and CTWA exceed the limit rate is higher; (3) Occupational health examination: the abnormal rates of lung function, chest X-ray, blood ALT and ECG were 30.6% and 11.3%, respectively. 13.9 percent and 15.4 percent. The abnormal rate of X-ray chest X-ray film was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). (4). Logistic regression analysis showed that the abnormal chest X-ray film was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The abnormal chest X-ray film was significantly higher than that of the welding dust CTWA (P0. 026,0. 026, P < 0. 026). OR=1.982,B=0.68 was related to the length of work (P < 0.001, OR 1.465, B = 0.382). The abnormal lung function was also related to the excess of CTWA (P = 0.027, OR = 1.512, B = 0.414) and the duration of work (P = 0.000, R = 1.286, B = 0.252). The exposure limit and working age of welding dust are the main risk factors of X-ray chest film and abnormal lung function of welding workers in this enterprise. Conclusion: the occupational health status of the enterprise is poor, especially the welding smoke and dust exceed the limit seriously. The health status of welding workers is poor. Exposure of welding dust and length of service are the main risk factors affecting workers' occupational health. Effective measures must be taken to reduce the concentration of welding dust.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R135

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 邢昭鐸;電焊煙塵的危害及防護(hù)[J];勞動保護(hù);1982年12期

2 單學(xué)倫;齊齊哈爾車輛廠貨車車間電焊煙塵治理對策[J];鐵道勞動安全衛(wèi)生與環(huán)保;1996年01期

3 劉天敏;;移動式電焊煙塵治理效果分析[J];中國衛(wèi)生工程學(xué);2010年03期

4 錢耀忠;沈菊華;張連紅;張唯一;;上海市奉賢區(qū)2009—2011年16家企業(yè)電焊煙塵濃度的監(jiān)測結(jié)果[J];職業(yè)與健康;2012年11期

5 滌生;;你知道電焊煙塵有哪些成份嗎?[J];職業(yè)與健康;1986年01期

6 陳肖玲;曹世潤;;電焊煙塵的電鏡觀察制樣及采樣方法[J];鐵道勞動安全衛(wèi)生與環(huán)保;1988年01期

7 周培宏;電焊煙塵致肺癌作用的研究進(jìn)展[J];勞動醫(yī)學(xué);1996年02期

8 楊金剛,孟憲鵬;電焊煙塵對作業(yè)工人肺功能的影響[J];鐵道勞動安全衛(wèi)生與環(huán)保;1999年01期

9 杜成;陳林;;定點與個體檢測電焊煙塵濃度對照研究[J];職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與應(yīng)急救援;2013年05期

10 劉美霞;楊鳳;丁文彬;郭薇薇;瞿菁;尹艷;賈曉東;;2012年上海市工作場所電焊煙塵的定量暴露評估[J];環(huán)境與職業(yè)醫(yī)學(xué);2014年02期

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 唐青山;;在清潔生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用XCJ/AZ沖激式除塵器處理電焊煙塵效果分析(摘要)[A];全國鐵路第五屆疾病控制學(xué)術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2004年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 費振玲;密集焊接作業(yè)電焊煙塵擴(kuò)散特性與控制數(shù)值模擬[D];江西理工大學(xué);2015年

2 崔騰;連跨大空間廠房電焊煙塵控制技術(shù)研究[D];安徽理工大學(xué);2016年

3 李振;某造船廠電焊工職業(yè)環(huán)境與健康狀況分析[D];山東大學(xué);2017年

4 王磊;某大型港口機(jī)械制造企業(yè)作業(yè)環(huán)境電焊煙塵暴露水平調(diào)查[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2011年

5 賓平凡;電焊煙塵暴露特征及接觸人群遺傳損傷研究[D];寧波大學(xué);2012年

，

本文編號：2464392