本文選題：青貯玉米秸稈　切入點(diǎn)：致密成型　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本研究以青貯玉米秸稈為研究對象,結(jié)合青貯玉米田間一體化作業(yè)機(jī)械化集成需求和青貯玉米秸稈致密成型技術(shù)要求,提出了一種機(jī)械化螺旋致密成型工藝并設(shè)計(jì)了螺旋致密成型裝置。基于螺旋致密成型工藝搭建試驗(yàn)臺,進(jìn)行了螺旋壓縮物料過程中物料流變學(xué)規(guī)律的相關(guān)試驗(yàn)研究。本研究提出了一種螺旋致密成型工藝,基于物料軸、徑向力學(xué)特性的差異,結(jié)合考慮壓縮過程能耗、壓縮產(chǎn)品穩(wěn)定性等因素,采用螺旋輸送裝置調(diào)理物料茬口分布的方式理順秸稈碎料的布置方式,其技術(shù)核心是采用螺旋輸送裝置對物料進(jìn)行連續(xù)分層喂入,并通過螺旋葉片下表面與物料作用理順物料茬口使物料處于平鋪狀態(tài)進(jìn)行壓縮成型,從而優(yōu)化壓縮方式保證成型質(zhì)量。搭建青貯玉米秸稈螺旋致密成型試驗(yàn)臺,壓縮力和徑向應(yīng)力全過程規(guī)律試驗(yàn)研究、螺旋壓縮單元壓縮力變化規(guī)律研究;不同含水率(45%、55%、65%)、不同切斷長度(20 mm、30 mm、40 mm)和不同壓縮密度(400kg/m~3、500kg/m~3、600kg/m~3)條件下,物料松弛特性研究;以及不同機(jī)械化加工工藝參數(shù)對螺旋壓縮裝置的功耗影響研究。通過試驗(yàn)得到螺旋壓縮全過程物料壓縮力變化規(guī)律以及最大壓縮力、最小變性恢復(fù)力變化曲線;采用壓縮單元試驗(yàn)方法,發(fā)現(xiàn)從壓縮力變化規(guī)律角度螺旋壓縮過程可分為四個(gè)階段,即自然填充階段、壓實(shí)階段、壓力下降階段和快速回彈階段,并得到了各個(gè)階段物料受壓縮力變化規(guī)律模型以及不同因素對螺旋壓縮單元壓縮力的影響;試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明壓縮完成后,物料在各個(gè)高度梯度內(nèi)的豎直方向和水平方向均呈明顯的應(yīng)力松弛現(xiàn)象,其松弛模型可表示為兩個(gè)經(jīng)典Maxwell模型并聯(lián)。發(fā)生應(yīng)力松弛前20s時(shí)間內(nèi),物料內(nèi)殘余應(yīng)力瞬速衰減,約有80%的殘余應(yīng)力在其間發(fā)生衰減。在高度梯度水平上,隨距離出料端面的距離越大物料的應(yīng)力松弛量越大;物料越靠近成型腔底部應(yīng)力松弛速率越慢,越趨于成型腔頂部松弛速率達(dá)到最大。確定了壓實(shí)密度、物料含水率和切斷長度等主要影響因素對應(yīng)力松弛量、應(yīng)力松弛率和松弛模量的指標(biāo)的響應(yīng)關(guān)系。通過正交試驗(yàn),確定了不同物料含水率條件下,不同機(jī)械化加工工藝參數(shù)對壓縮裝置消耗功率的影響模型,在各個(gè)含水率條件下,針對螺旋壓縮裝置總功耗的影響排序?yàn)閴嚎s密度行進(jìn)速度切斷長度;得到當(dāng)壓縮密度為400kgh/m~3,切斷長度為30mm,含水率為65%,行進(jìn)速度為0.6m/s時(shí),壓縮裝置總功耗最小。通過螺旋壓縮裝置田間生產(chǎn)試驗(yàn),得到壓實(shí)密度實(shí)際控制范圍為316-768kg/m~3;實(shí)際生產(chǎn)壓縮產(chǎn)品壓實(shí)密度與預(yù)設(shè)壓力值同一度良好,可達(dá)到91.63%;對應(yīng)壓實(shí)密度指標(biāo)的出料效率為:400 kg/m~3條件時(shí)出料效率為2.78× 10~3kg/h、500 kg/m~3條件時(shí)出料效率為3.36× 103kg/h、600 kg/m~3條件時(shí)出料效率為3.49× 10~3kg/h和700 kg/m~3條件時(shí)出料效率為2.33× 10~3kg/h。論文的研究對豐富青貯物料壓縮方法是一項(xiàng)有益的補(bǔ)充,對于研究螺旋致密成型裝置—物料作用關(guān)系、深入探討牧草鮮物料流變特性、完善牧草壓縮理論和指導(dǎo)牧草壓縮樣機(jī)研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐有著重要的意義。
[Abstract]:In this study, corn straw silage as the research object, combined with the integration of the mechanization of silage maize field integrated demand and silage corn straw briquette technology, puts forward a mechanical spiral compact molding process and the design of the spiral compact molding device. The spiral compact molding experiment based on the related experimental research pattern of rheological materials in the process of the compression coil. This study presents a compact spiral forming process, based on the material mechanical properties of radial shaft, difference, considering the energy consumption in the process of compression, compression product stability and other factors, the spiral conveying device of material distribution way to straighten out the conditioning stubble arrangement of straw crushed material, its core technology is adopted spiral conveying device for continuous stratified material feeding, and the role of material surface and through the vane to straighten out the material. Make the material compression molding in flat state, so as to optimize the compression molding quality assurance was set up. The corn silage straw briquette spiral test, experimental study on law of the whole process of compression stress and radial and spiral compression unit variation of compression force; different water content (45%, 55%, 65% (20), different cutting length mm, 30 mm, 40 mm) and different density (400kg/m~3500kg/m~3600kg/m~3) under the condition of relaxation properties of materials; and different mechanical processing parameters on power spiral compression device. By test the whole process of spiral compression material compression force variation and the maximum compressive force, the restoring force curve with minimal degeneration; test method for compression unit that can be divided into four stages from the compression force variation angle spiral compression process, namely natural filling stage, compaction stage, under pressure Drop stage and rapid rebound stage, and each stage of material shrinkage model compression force variation and influence of different factors on the spiral compression unit compression force; test results show that the compression is completed, vertical and horizontal direction of the material in each height gradient in both showed stress relaxation phenomenon, the relaxation model can be said for the two classic Maxwell model should be parallel. 20s time stress relaxation within the material residual stress in the instantaneous velocity attenuation, about 80% of the residual stress attenuation occurs in the meantime. In high gradients, with the distance from the stress relaxation of the material from the end face of the material is more material; near the bottom of the forming cavity stress relaxation rate is slower, more molding cavity top relaxation rate reached the maximum. The compaction density, moisture content and cut off the length of the main influence factors of the stress relaxation quantity, Li Song The relationship between response rate and relaxation relaxation modulus index. Through orthogonal test, to determine the different moisture content under the condition of different process parameters on mechanical compression device power consumption model, in the conditions of various water content, the effect of helical compression device for sorting the total power consumption of compressed density speed cutting length is obtained; when the 400kgh/m~3 compression density, cutting length is 30mm, moisture content is 65%, speed is 0.6m/s, the total power consumption. The minimum compression device of spiral compression device field test, get the actual control of compaction density range is 316-768kg/m~3; the actual production of products of compact density and compression preset pressure value with once well reached 91.63%; corresponding the compaction density index discharge rate: 400 kg/m~3 when the discharge efficiency is 2.78 * 10~3kg/h, 500 kg/m~3 when the discharge efficiency is 3.36 * 103kg/h, 600 Kg/m~3 when the discharging efficiency is 3.49 * 10~3kg/h and 700 kg/m~3 when the discharge efficiency is 2.33 * 10~3kg/h. this research is a beneficial supplement to the compression method for the study of silage material rich, dense spiral forming device - material interaction, in-depth study of the fresh grass material rheological properties, improve the forage compression theory and the significance of forage compression prototype development and production practice.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S816.9

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