海德格爾存在主義哲學(xué)視角下的《馬爾特手記》中死亡母題研究
[Abstract]:From the perspective of Heidegger's existential philosophy, this thesis attempts to analyze the novel Mart Brits Brig by the Austrian poet Rilke in the early 20th century (1902-1910). It is also regarded as one of the most important pioneer works of modern existentialism. The novel recounts the memories and confessions of a young Danish poet born in a declining aristocrat and sensitive to eccentricity. The works are composed of 71 fragments of notes that have no continuous plot and do not speak in chronological order. In the tone of the first person, they describe the scenes of life in Paris and the memories of their childhood. Reading and viewing works of art experience and harvest three parts. The intention of death and fear of death is the main line throughout the paper. The concept of death is a key concept that constitutes Heidegger's basic ontology. Heidegger's specific structure of "living toward death" refers not to the physiological, psychological and empirical explanation of the structure of human death, but to the ontological significance of death, that is, the analysis of the role of death in understanding the existence of life. Existentialism in the philosophical sense of "existence" is to become themselves. It is the core and foundation of human being's existence, which is not dependent on the outside world. The so-called "to die and live" is the most original, independent, insurmountable and uncertain possibility of death as such. The understanding of death makes this disillusionment from the state of decline and alienation, neither clinging to the possibility that has been realized in the past, nor running away from death in a cowardly way, but actively planning and designing itself in order to achieve the best self-realization. True death is a possibility of uncertainty over time, and the emotions generated by this threat are daunting. This is a process of understanding what one can be. To die can only be fully manifested in the fear, and the greatest fear is to face the fear of death, that is, fear of death. This only in fear of death in the mood can transcend the situation, understand their true existence. In Heidegger's theory, fear also has its positive significance, making people reflect on the possibility of true self existence. Starting from the topic of death, this thesis analyzes how the protagonist realizes the real existence from the changing world. In particular, for Mart, who is in a foreign country, the metropolis is awash with death, reminiscent of his childhood loss of loved ones. These experiences gave Mart his own understanding of death: the impenetrability of death, the unity of life and death, and the difficulty of owning one's own death in modern society. Understanding death does not dispel Mart's fear of death. The protagonist's fear has existed for a long time since childhood. When he was young, his mother could help him out of fear. Now Mart has decided to take action to remove his fears. He is committed to literary creation and art observation, to beginners who learn to have sex, to seek permanence in a limited life with a positive attitude, and to strive to live towards death. To achieve the most self-centered existence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:四川外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:I521.074
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