論《艱難時世》中的環(huán)境描寫
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-14 17:48
【摘要】：《艱難時世》是十九世紀英國批判現(xiàn)實主義大師查爾斯·狄更斯創(chuàng)作黃金時期的重要作品。作為一個對社會問題極為敏感的批判現(xiàn)實主義小說家，狄更斯在資本主義工業(yè)城市的虛浮繁華下看見了傷痕累累的城市廢墟。在《艱難時世》里，狄更斯創(chuàng)造出了一個畸形的空間，，焦煤鎮(zhèn)匯聚了這個時代工業(yè)城市的所有鮮明特征，焦煤鎮(zhèn)就是當時英國工業(yè)資本主義發(fā)展的縮影�；\罩市鎮(zhèn)的滾滾濃煙讓人喘不過氣來，染成紫色的河水臭不可聞，紅色磚房如同野人涂抹的花臉，沾滿灰塵的長青樹完全失去了活力。整座市鎮(zhèn)仿佛是大地上的一塊黑斑。工人們的工作環(huán)境極其糟糕，住宿條件讓人心酸，而資本家們卻在洋房別墅里享受著工業(yè)文明帶來的奢侈生活。 各種扭曲的制度和規(guī)則讓人的生活極其痛苦。自然生態(tài)的失衡，導致了社會生態(tài)的變異，在惡劣的自然環(huán)境和殘酷的社會環(huán)境的雙重打壓下，人與人之間的關(guān)系也變得異常實際，不健康的精神生態(tài)被迫形成。本文通過對小說中社會環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境的整理，分析了狄更斯在營造環(huán)境時的描寫方式，探討了外部環(huán)境對人物塑造的重要影響，肯定了小說中環(huán)境描寫的價值。 小說基于作者對十九世紀中葉英國工業(yè)狀況的細致觀察和對資本主義社會人類狀況的深入思考，生動描述了當時社會的現(xiàn)實生活，精心塑造了一批性格鮮明的典型人物，有力抨擊了資產(chǎn)階級的功利主義和事實哲學。通過對焦煤鎮(zhèn)的社會環(huán)境、自然環(huán)境和復雜的人際關(guān)系的詳細刻畫，表達了狄更斯對工業(yè)文明肆意擴張造成的環(huán)境污染和人性異化的極度痛心和強烈憤恨，透露出狄更斯向往健康的社會生態(tài)，主張回歸自然的生態(tài)思想萌芽。
[Abstract]:In hard times, Dickens creates a deformed space, and coking coal town, which epitomized the development of industrial capitalism in England, brought together all the distinctive features of the industrial city of this era. The smoke billowing over the town was breathless, the purple water smelly, the red brick house like the blooming face of the savage, the dusty evergreen tree completely dead. The whole town was like a black spot on the earth. Distorted institutions and rules make life extremely painful. The imbalance of natural ecology leads to the variation of social ecology. Under the dual pressure of harsh natural environment and cruel social environment, the relationship between people has become extremely practical, and the unhealthy spiritual ecology has been forced to form. Based on the arrangement of the social environment and the natural environment in the novel, this paper analyzes Dickens' description of the environment, probes into the important influence of the external environment on the characterization of the characters, and affirms the value of the environmental description in the novel. Based on the author's careful observation of the industrial situation in Britain in the middle of the nineteenth century and his deep reflection on the human condition of capitalist society, the novel vividly describes the real life of the society at that time, and meticulously shapes a group of typical characters with a bright personality. A powerful critic of bourgeois utilitarianism and de facto philosophy. Through a detailed description of the social environment, natural environment and complex interpersonal relationships in Coking Coal Town, Dickens expresses Dickens' extreme grief and strong resentment at the environmental pollution and alienation of human nature caused by the wanton expansion of industrial civilization. It revealed that Dickens yearned for healthy social ecology and advocated the sprout of ecological thought of returning to nature.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I561.074
本文編號：2243431
[Abstract]:In hard times, Dickens creates a deformed space, and coking coal town, which epitomized the development of industrial capitalism in England, brought together all the distinctive features of the industrial city of this era. The smoke billowing over the town was breathless, the purple water smelly, the red brick house like the blooming face of the savage, the dusty evergreen tree completely dead. The whole town was like a black spot on the earth. Distorted institutions and rules make life extremely painful. The imbalance of natural ecology leads to the variation of social ecology. Under the dual pressure of harsh natural environment and cruel social environment, the relationship between people has become extremely practical, and the unhealthy spiritual ecology has been forced to form. Based on the arrangement of the social environment and the natural environment in the novel, this paper analyzes Dickens' description of the environment, probes into the important influence of the external environment on the characterization of the characters, and affirms the value of the environmental description in the novel. Based on the author's careful observation of the industrial situation in Britain in the middle of the nineteenth century and his deep reflection on the human condition of capitalist society, the novel vividly describes the real life of the society at that time, and meticulously shapes a group of typical characters with a bright personality. A powerful critic of bourgeois utilitarianism and de facto philosophy. Through a detailed description of the social environment, natural environment and complex interpersonal relationships in Coking Coal Town, Dickens expresses Dickens' extreme grief and strong resentment at the environmental pollution and alienation of human nature caused by the wanton expansion of industrial civilization. It revealed that Dickens yearned for healthy social ecology and advocated the sprout of ecological thought of returning to nature.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I561.074
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