個人對社會的挑戰(zhàn):《米德爾馬契》的一種社會學(xué)解讀
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本文選題:喬治·愛略特 切入點:《米德爾馬契》 出處:《湖南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】:喬治愛略特(GeorgeEliot)是英國維多利亞時期一位文學(xué)巨匠。《米德爾馬契》(Middlemarch)是她在巔峰時期創(chuàng)作的,被認為是她的代表作。國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對《米德爾馬契》中個人與社會關(guān)系進行了大量的研究,但是這些研究大多集中在社會對個人的束縛和挫敗,即使提出了個人對社會的積極斗爭,也沒有對這種斗爭做出詳細的分析。本文嘗試探究在十九世紀科學(xué)有機思想影響下,喬治愛略特如何在個人與社會的相互關(guān)系中對個人對社會的挑戰(zhàn)進行探索。 本文選定了小說中的三個人物,并分別討論了社會對這三個人物所代表群體的影響以及這三個人物如何與社會做斗爭及其斗爭的結(jié)果。這三個人物分屬于不同的社會群體,他們與社會的矛盾有不同的特點:第一個是中產(chǎn)階級男性,第二個是底層男性,第三個是中產(chǎn)階級女性。這種設(shè)置可以依次遞進地表現(xiàn)他們與社會較量,從而方便對這三種斗爭做出評判。 利德蓋特(Lydgate)一心想著實施自己的醫(yī)療改革,而沒有意識到他與社會相互關(guān)系的重要性,以至于他最后落得不得不倉皇離開的失敗結(jié)局。他遭受的挫敗說明個人的行為和夢想的實現(xiàn)要依托當(dāng)時的社會環(huán)境和條件,被社會所認可和接納,才能發(fā)揮個人的才能。在社會等級制度對底層人壓迫的大環(huán)境下,一個不起眼的小人物萊弗士(Raffles)從開始任人擺布轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椴倏v有權(quán)有勢的大人物。在這一過程中,他雖然成功地證明了自己的力量,但是他卻損害了了自己的生命和別人的聲譽,甚至牽連了無辜的人。這樣的反抗,對社會和個人而言均無積極意義,,完全不足效法。多蘿西婭(Dorothea)與男權(quán)社會和世俗道德抗爭,從自己的不幸婚姻中掙脫出來,最后獲得了獨立而且贏得了幸福。重要的是,身處困境時她沒有怨天尤人,而是通過幫助絕望和無助的人,給他們支持和慰藉,來實現(xiàn)自己的價值。她成功地挑戰(zhàn)了社會,她的同情關(guān)懷給別人的生活乃至社會帶來了前進的動力。這也許是愛略特塑造這一人物形象的旨歸吧。 本文試圖通過對《米德爾馬契》進行詳盡的文本分析,研究愛略特探究三種不同類型個人對社會的挑戰(zhàn),進一步闡明,當(dāng)個人的追求和理想要觸動社會的傳統(tǒng)觀念和行為規(guī)范時,個人必須將自己置身于個人與社會的相互關(guān)系中。愛略特倡導(dǎo)的挑戰(zhàn)是,必須符合社會道德的期望,在維持社會秩序的前提下,并且要對社會的發(fā)展起到積極向上的作用。
[Abstract]:George love is a literary giant in the Victorian period . The study of the relationship between the individual and the social relationship between the individual and the society has been carried out by scholars both at home and abroad . However , the author tries to explore how to explore the challenges of individual to society in the relationship between individual and society under the influence of the scientific organic thought in the nineteenth century .
Three characters in the novel are selected and the influence of the society on the three figures and how the three characters struggle against the society are discussed . The three characters belong to different social groups . They are different from the social contradictions : the first is middle - class male , the second is the bottom man and the third is middle - class female . This setting can be carried forward in order to show them and the society in order to judge the three kinds of struggles in turn .
Lydgate , who tried to carry out his own medical reform , did not realize the importance of his relationship with the society , that he had finally had to leave the failed ending . In this process , he had succeeded in proving his power , but he did harm his life and the reputation of others , and even led innocent people .
This paper attempts to explore the challenge of three different types of individual to society through detailed text analysis of the Chimedel Mar chi , and further states that when the individual ' s pursuit and the ideal are to touch the traditional idea and the behavior norm of society , the individual must put himself in the relationship of the individual and society . The challenge advocated by the latter is that it is necessary to meet the expectations of social morality and play a positive role in the development of society .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:I561.074
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 高曉玲;;喬治·愛略特的“同情”觀及其哲學(xué)淵源[J];外國文學(xué);2009年01期
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