本文選題：丹尼爾·笛福　切入點(diǎn)：《魯濱遜漂流記》　出處：《四川師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：摘要丹尼爾·笛福(Daniel Defoe,1660-1731)是英國(guó)18世紀(jì)第一位現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)家,他被譽(yù)為“英國(guó)小說(shuō)之父”且以寫實(shí)的手法而聞名于世。他發(fā)表了眾多膾炙人口的作品,其中第一部小說(shuō)《魯濱遜漂流記》(Robinson Crusoe,1791)發(fā)表后,立馬獲得了成功,同時(shí)也被認(rèn)為是繼《圣經(jīng)》后廣為閱讀的一部著作,故而深受歷代中西方讀者的青睞。該著作不僅展現(xiàn)了主人公的勇敢,而且也體現(xiàn)了資本主義的進(jìn)取精神和啟蒙意識(shí)。該小說(shuō)主人公魯濱遜·克羅索(Robinson Crusoe)被認(rèn)為是第一個(gè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的正面典型,因而笛福也被認(rèn)為是西方新興資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的代言人。然而,后殖民評(píng)論家和生態(tài)評(píng)論家對(duì)這部經(jīng)典卻持有不同的看法,他們認(rèn)為當(dāng)克羅索為了建造一個(gè)屬于自己的殖民地而去征服自然和人類時(shí),此時(shí)的他不再單純的是位勤勞的勞動(dòng)者,更是一位貪婪的資產(chǎn)者和殖民者。他并不滿足于自己所擁有的,而是渴望擁有更多的財(cái)富和更高的權(quán)利。這完全有悖于生態(tài)批評(píng)的基本觀點(diǎn),即生物圈的每一實(shí)體都享有平等權(quán)利。因此,筆者通過(guò)生態(tài)批評(píng)的視角從自然、性別、種族這三個(gè)方面來(lái)分析克羅索的殖民行徑。 如今克羅索不再是名民族英雄,而是成為西方殖民主義思想的代表。首先,克羅索對(duì)土地、動(dòng)物及植物的剝削和占有,反映出他反自然的本性,同時(shí)也暴露出他的貪婪和功利主義的個(gè)性。再者,文本也體現(xiàn)出克羅索對(duì)女性的性別歧視。作品中女性人物成為男性的附屬品,如同自然一樣僅僅享有工具價(jià)值,并丟失了她們的身份。最后,由于種族因素而被認(rèn)為是低人一等的土著人,被克羅索剝奪了最基本的人身權(quán)利,以及進(jìn)行文化殖民,而這些行徑都反映了他的殖民主義思想。 克羅索不僅把自己的意志強(qiáng)加于自然,而且還運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代工具操控、剝削動(dòng)物、婦女以及土著人,從而展現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的克羅索形象。這種見(jiàn)解會(huì)對(duì)后來(lái)的讀者和作家產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響,因?yàn)檫@種反傳統(tǒng)的新形象會(huì)讓讀者對(duì)這部經(jīng)典有新的認(rèn)識(shí),同時(shí)也讓人們對(duì)生態(tài)危機(jī)的歷史文化根源有更為深刻、更為全面了解,進(jìn)而探尋更為全面、更為現(xiàn)實(shí),且能指引人們走出環(huán)境危機(jī)的文化路徑。
[Abstract]:Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) is the first realistic novelist in England in 18th century. He is known as "the father of English novels" and is famous for his realism. He has published many popular works. The first novel, Robinson Crusoeh1791, was immediately successful and was considered to be a widely read book after the Bible. This book not only shows the heroine's bravery, And it also reflects the enterprising spirit and enlightenment of capitalism. The protagonist, Robinson Crusoe, is considered to be the first positive example of the bourgeoisie. Defoe is therefore considered a spokesman for the emerging bourgeoisie in the West. However, postcolonial critics and ecological critics hold different views on the classic. They thought that when Crosso conquered nature and man in order to build a colony of his own, he was no longer simply an industrious laborer. And a greedy asset and colonist. He wasn't satisfied with what he had, he wanted more wealth and more power. This was completely contrary to the basic idea of ecological criticism. Therefore, from the perspective of ecological criticism, the author analyzes Crosso's colonial behavior from three aspects: nature, sex and race. Today Crosso is no longer a national hero, but a representative of Western colonialism. First, Crosso's exploitation and possession of land, animals and plants reflect his antinatural nature. It also reveals his greed and utilitarian personality. Moreover, the text also reflects Crosso's sexism against women. Finally, the aborigines, considered inferior because of their race, were deprived of their most basic personal rights and cultural colonization by Crosso, all of which reflected his colonial ideas. Crosso not only imposed his will on nature, but also used modern tools to manipulate and exploit animals, women and indigenous peoples. Thus showing a new image of Crosso, which will have a profound impact on later readers and writers, because this new image of anti-tradition will give readers a new understanding of the classic. At the same time, it also makes people have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the historical and cultural roots of the ecological crisis, and then explore a more comprehensive, more realistic, and can guide people out of the environmental crisis of the cultural path.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：I561.074

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