在很多語言中,包括漢語,有一種趨勢,即已知信息在前,新信息在后。為了揭示該趨勢的實質(zhì),此文主要探討的問題包括：論元的排列受哪種信息因素的制約,它們之間的關(guān)系是否具有任意性；焦點/預(yù)設(shè)在句子中的分布；語篇作為一個整體在信息包裝過程中受也遵循先舊后新的制約。此文研究的語料是在控制條件下產(chǎn)出的敘事性和描述性語篇,參與控制實驗的受試漢語是母語。這種控制條件下產(chǎn)出的語料的優(yōu)點在于分析者知道參與者大腦中各種信息的認(rèn)知狀態(tài),因此也就能夠判斷出語篇中實體或句子的認(rèn)知狀態(tài)。我們認(rèn)為,要充分說明信息如何包裝需要借助信息度、焦點/預(yù)設(shè)、和認(rèn)知狀態(tài)（包括聽者狀態(tài)和話語狀態(tài)）等概念。相對于以前的研究方法,此方法的優(yōu)勢在于我們強調(diào)多種意義上的新/已知信息和信息度。我們認(rèn)為,盡管漢語也遵循從已知到新的原則,但不同意義上的已知/新左右不同的語言現(xiàn)象,如不同的結(jié)構(gòu)、不同的句子位置、不同的話語、文體等�；蛘哒f,不同的語言現(xiàn)象受不同的意義上的已知/新的制約。語料顯示,出現(xiàn)在句首、句中和句末論元角色中的聽者-舊實體的比例越來越低,或者說,出現(xiàn)在句首、句中和句末論元角色中的聽者-新實體的比例越來越高。另外語料還顯示,論元順序和... 

【文章頁數(shù)】：258 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Tables and a Figure
List of Abbreviations
Chapter One Introduction
    1.0 Background of the Study
    1.1 Statement of the Problems
    1.2 Objectives of the Study
    1.3 Significance of the Study
    1.4 Organization of This Dissertation
Chapter Two A Review of Previous Approaches to Information Packaging in Discourse
    2.0 Introduction
    2.1 Cognitive Approach
    2.2 Givenness-based Approach
    2.3 Definiteness-based Approach
    2.4 Focus-based Approach
    2.5 Informativity-based Approach
    2.6 Summary
Chapter Three Theoretical Framework
    3.0 Introduction
    3.1 Assumed Familiaritv
    3.2 The Expanded Model
    3.3 Summary
Chapter Four Methodology
    4.0 Introduction
    4.1 Research Questions
    4.2 Data Collection
    4.3 Coding
    4.4 Transcription and Data Analysis
    4.5 Summary
Chapter Five Ordering of Arguments
    5.0 Introduction
    5.1 Argument Roles
    5.2 The A Role
        5.2.1 Types of the A Role
        5.2.2 Cognitive Status of the A Role
    5.3 The O Role
        5.3.1 Types of the O Role
        5.3.2 Cognitive Status of the O Role
        5.3.3 Cognitive Status and Word Order(O)
    5.4 Cognitive Status and Word Order(A and O)
    5.5 Cognitive Status and Arguments(A and O)
    5.6 The S Role
        5.6.1 Types of the S Role
        5.6.2 Cognitive Status of the S Role
        5.6.3 Cognitive Status and Word Order(S)
    5.7 Cognitive Status and Word Order (A,S and O)
    5.8 Assumed Familiarity Hierarchy
    5.9 Arguments in Focus
        5.9.1 OVR vs VRO in Focus
        5.9.2 OV vs VO in Focus
    5.10 Summary
Chapter Six Ordering of Focus and Presupposition
    6.0 Introduction
    6.1 Information Packaging in a Clause
        6.1.1 All-focus Clauses
        6.1.2 All-presupposition Clauses
        6.1.3 Focus-presupposition Clauses
        6.1.4 Presupposition-focus Clauses
    6.2 Information Packaging in a Complex Sentence
        6.2.1 Information Packaging in a Complex Sentence with a Temporal Clause
        6.2.2 Information Packaging in a Complex Sentence with a yinwei-clause
    6.3 Summary
Chapter Seven Information Packaging and Discourse Structure
    7.0 Introduction
    7.1 Cognitive Status of Discourse-initial Topical Themes
        7.1.1 Types of Topical Theme
        7.1.2 Cognitive Status of Discourse-initial Topical Themes
    7.2 Cognitive Status of Topical Themes
        7.2.1 Hearer-old Constraint on Topical Themes
        7.2.2 Cognitive Status of Topical Themes across Genres
        7.2.3 Cognitive Status of Topical Theme across Tasks
    7.3 Progressions of Topical Theme
    7.4 Cognitive Status of Discourse as a Whole
    7.5 Discourse Unit-initial vs -internal Elements across Genres
        7.5.1 Episode-initial vs -internal Elements in Narratives
        7.5.2 Move-initial vs -internal Elements in Descriptions
    7.6 Summary
Chapter Eight Conclusion
    8.0 Introduction
    8.1 Findings of This Study
    8.2 Theoretical Implications
    8.3 Limitations of This Study and Suggestions for Future Research
Appendices
    Appendix 1 Sample narrative discourse from Task 1
    Appendix 2 Sample narrative discourse from Task 2
    Appendix 3 Sample descriptive discourse from Task 3
    Appendix 4 Sample descriptive discourse from Task 4
    Appendix 5 Sample descriptive discourse from Task 5
    Appendix 6 Sample descriptive discourse from Task 6
    Appendix 7 Descriptions of the second character's switching off deng (light)
    Appendix 8 Materials used in Task 3
    Appendix 9 Materials used in Task 4
    Appendix 10 Materials used in Task 5
    Appendix 11 Materials used in Task 6
    Appendix 12 Transcription conventions
    Appendix 13 Sources of written data
References
Acknowledgements
Publications
學(xué)位論文評閱及答辯情況表


【參考文獻】：
期刊論文
[1]英漢語原因連接成分的信息導(dǎo)入功能——基于語料庫的實證研究[J]. 彭宣維,羅潔,曹意文.  外語教學(xué)與研究. 2007(06)
[2]語篇的信息連貫[J]. 苗興偉.  外語教學(xué). 2003(02)



本文編號：3675038