【摘要】：聲調(diào)是漢語的重要特征,聲調(diào)教學(xué)一直是漢語語音教學(xué)的研究重要課題。漢語聲調(diào)這種較為復(fù)雜的音高變化,對(duì)無聲調(diào)為母語的漢語學(xué)習(xí)者而言,屬于比較難掌握的。本文從聲調(diào)偏誤角度,以德語為母語的漢語初級(jí)水平的德國(guó)中學(xué)生為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用實(shí)驗(yàn)語音學(xué)、聲調(diào)格局理論,對(duì)四十一名德國(guó)中學(xué)生的漢語發(fā)音情況進(jìn)行分析研究,內(nèi)容包括單字調(diào)和雙字調(diào)的考察,主要描述內(nèi)容是單字調(diào)和雙字調(diào)的調(diào)域和調(diào)值。用到的分析工具有:Praat語音分析軟件,提取聲調(diào)基頻;Excel,計(jì)算單字調(diào)和雙字調(diào)的調(diào)值;石鋒先生的基頻歸一化處理的“T值法”。按順序,分別進(jìn)行單字調(diào)調(diào)域偏誤分析、調(diào)值偏誤分析、調(diào)型偏誤分析以及雙字調(diào)調(diào)域偏誤分析、調(diào)值偏誤分析、調(diào)型偏誤分析。以德語為母語的漢語初級(jí)水平德國(guó)中學(xué)生在單字調(diào)的聲調(diào)偏誤表現(xiàn)為陽平和上聲分不清,特別是男學(xué)生,上聲的表現(xiàn)基本和陽平一樣;在雙字調(diào)偏誤中,偏誤表現(xiàn)較明顯的是上聲為前字調(diào)的組合中需要上聲變調(diào)的組合沒有變調(diào);陽平上揚(yáng)幅度不夠等情況。同時(shí)總結(jié)出德國(guó)學(xué)生在習(xí)得漢語聲調(diào)時(shí)在調(diào)域方面的偏誤表現(xiàn),較中國(guó)人調(diào)域窄,典型的有在發(fā)去聲時(shí),把高降調(diào)發(fā)成了低降調(diào)。在調(diào)型方面的偏誤,主要是兩類聲調(diào)互相的偏誤:陽平和上聲;陰平和去聲。最后從母語負(fù)遷移、目的語干擾、教學(xué)因素等角度分析造成偏誤的原因。
[Abstract]:Tone is an important feature of Chinese, tone teaching has always been an important research topic in Chinese phonetic teaching. Chinese tone is a complicated change of pitch, which is difficult to master for Chinese learners whose tonality is silent. In this paper, from the angle of tone bias, using the theory of experimental phonetics and tone pattern, we analyze and study the pronunciation of 41 German middle school students, taking German as the mother tongue of Chinese primary level as the research object, and using the theory of experimental phonetics and tone pattern. The content includes the investigation of single word and double tone, mainly describing the tone field and tone value of single word and double character tone. The analysis tools used include: Praat voice analysis software to extract tone fundamental frequency, Excel, to calculate the modulation value of single word and double character tone, and Mr. Shi Feng's "T value method" to normalize the fundamental frequency. According to the order, the single word modulation field error analysis, the adjustment value error analysis, the modulation error analysis and the double character modulation field error analysis, the modulation error analysis respectively are carried out. German native Chinese primary level German secondary school students in the tone of a single tone errors in the expression of Yang peace on the voice is not clear, especially for male students, the performance of the upper voice is basically the same as Yangping; In the double tone error, it is obvious that in the combination of the upper tone and the front tone, there is no change of tone in the combination of the upper tone and the former tone, and the upswing amplitude of Yangping is not enough, and so on. At the same time, it concludes that the errors in tone domain of German students are narrower than that of Chinese students. The errors in tone type are mainly caused by two kinds of tone errors: Yangping and uppertone, Yin flat and dissonant. Finally, the causes of errors are analyzed from the perspectives of negative transfer of mother tongue, target language interference and teaching factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國(guó)語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H195.3

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