發(fā)布時間：2018-07-29 12:02

【摘要】：副詞作為古漢語虛詞中數(shù)量較多、范圍較廣、使用較為復(fù)雜的詞類,不論是界定還是分類都未有定論,而同樣備受爭論的《孔子家語》的成書年代問題也至今沒有蓋棺論定。對《孔子家語》的副詞進行研究不僅希望可以對副詞的研究有所助益,也希望對《孔子家語》成書年代的問題有所幫助。《孔子家語》中副詞共出現(xiàn)140個,根據(jù)其語義和語法功能,將其分為范圍副詞、程度副詞、否定副詞、時間副詞、情態(tài)副詞、謙敬副詞、指代性副詞七類,每一類分別作為一章,謙敬副詞和指代性副詞合作為一章,共分為六章。第一章將范圍副詞分為總括范圍副詞、限制范圍副詞、統(tǒng)計范圍副詞三大類,其位置以位于主語后謂語前為主,語義指向多指向主語;第二章將程度副詞分為絕對程度副詞和相對程度副詞,絕對程度副詞一般指向謂語部分,相對程度副詞則涉及兩個或兩個以上的比較項進行對比,程度副詞謂語中心語以修飾形容詞為主,且出現(xiàn)了“茲益”程度副詞的連用;第三章將否定副詞分為表示單純否定、表示對已然的否定、表示對判斷的否定、表示禁止勸阻的副詞四類,其對謂語中心語的選擇多是動詞性謂語,較為特殊的是否定副詞賓語前置情況以及“弗”字后面帶賓語的研究;第四章將時間副詞分為表示動作行為發(fā)生時間的時間副詞和表示動作行為時間狀態(tài)的時間副詞兩大類,兩類之下又各再分類,時間副詞與其他類型副詞不同的是雙音節(jié)副詞的使用;第五章將情態(tài)副詞分為表示語氣和表示狀態(tài)、動作行為進行方式的情態(tài)副詞,對謂語中心語的選擇多是動詞性謂語,語義指向多是指向謂語部分,也有少部分指向主語;第六章是謙敬副詞和指代性副詞兩類副詞,謙敬副詞又分為表敬副詞和表謙副詞,它們對謂語中心語的選擇全部是動詞謂語,語義指向連接對話雙方,并非單指一方;指代性副詞只有“相”一個,在句中作狀語,但實際意義上卻是作賓語;最后結(jié)語部分總結(jié)全文。對《孔子家語》的副詞進行研究,以期待對《孔子家語》是否偽書提供證據(jù),對完善詞匯系統(tǒng)提供一定的語料價值。
[Abstract]:As a function word in ancient Chinese, adverbs have a large number and a wide range. The definition and classification of parts of speech that are more complicated have not been decided, and the question of the writing age of Confucius' Family language, which is also a controversial one, has not been decided yet. It is hoped that the study of the adverbs in Confucius' Family language can not only be helpful to the study of the adverbs, but also helpful to the problem of the time when the Confucius Family language was written. There are 140 adverbs in the Family language of Confucius. According to its semantic and grammatical functions, it is divided into seven categories: scope adverbs, degree adverbs, negative adverbs, temporal adverbs, modal adverbs, modest adverbs, and referential adverbs. The cooperation of modest adverbs and referential adverbs is divided into six chapters. The first chapter divides the scope adverbs into three categories: omnibus adverbs, restricted adverbs and statistical adverbs. The second chapter divides the degree adverb into absolute degree adverb and relative degree adverb. The absolute degree adverb generally points to the predicate part, and the relative degree adverb involves two or more comparative items. The predicate head of degree adverb mainly modifies adjectives and appears the conjunction of degree adverbs of "Ziyi". The third chapter divides negative adverbs into simple negation, negation to already and negation to judgment. There are four kinds of adverbs that are forbidden to dissuade, the choice of the predicate head is mostly verb predicate, the more special is the negative adverb object preposition and the study of "Fu" followed by object. In the fourth chapter, time adverbs are divided into two categories: time adverb which indicates the time of action behavior and time adverb which indicates the time state of action behavior. The use of double syllable adverbs is different from other types of adverbs. The fifth chapter divides modal adverbs into modal adverbs that express mood and state, modal adverbs in the way of action behavior, and the choice of predicate head is mostly verb predicate. The sixth chapter is two kinds of adverbs: the adverb of modesty and the adverb of reference, the adverb of modesty is divided into adverb of expression and adverb of modesty. Their choice of predicate headwords is all verb predicates, semantic points to connect both sides of the dialogue, not only one side, but only one anaphoric adverb, which is used as adverbial in sentence, but as object in practical sense. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the full text. This paper studies the adverbs of Confucius Family language in order to provide evidence to prove whether Confucius Family language is false or not and to provide certain corpus value to perfect the lexical system.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H141

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本文編號：2152615