本文選題：口語 + 書面語�。� 參考：《上海外國語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文主要基于口語和書面語語料,考察漢語中有形式標(biāo)記的話題結(jié)構(gòu)的分布表現(xiàn)。文章首先基于前人研究界定了本文所研究的話題結(jié)構(gòu)范圍,并對話題結(jié)構(gòu)做了更為詳細(xì)具體的分類。本文也關(guān)注了以往研究較少或尚未關(guān)注的維度,比如話題的語類屬性、話題的長度、話題句的語義類型、話題句在從屬句中的表現(xiàn)等。文章發(fā)現(xiàn),漢語口語和書面語中有標(biāo)記話題結(jié)構(gòu)具有如下一些共性:1)漢語中非論元式話題句分布廣泛,多于論元式話題句;2)漢語的論元式話題句中,話題化結(jié)構(gòu)多于失位結(jié)構(gòu),主語成分比賓語成分更易發(fā)生話題化和失位;3)漢語中最常用的話題標(biāo)示手段是停頓;4)絕大多數(shù)的話題都是由名詞短語充當(dāng);5)話題的長度大多在十個音節(jié)以內(nèi);6)話題句中,特指句多于通指句;7)句子話題鏈一般含有兩個述語小句;8)多話題結(jié)構(gòu)中多個話題的排列傾向是“非論元式話題論元式話題”。文章也發(fā)現(xiàn)口語和書面語中話題結(jié)構(gòu)的一些差異:1)口語中話題句的使用頻率高于書面語中話題句的使用頻率,主要體現(xiàn)在口語中非論元式話題句多于書面語中的非論元式話題句;2)非論元式話題句中,口語中時地語域式話題句最多,遠(yuǎn)多于背景語域式話題句,而書面語中兩者沒有顯著差別;3)口語中最常用的話題標(biāo)記是提頓詞,而書面語中最常用的話題標(biāo)記是介詞;4)書面語中的話題平均長度略長;5)口語中特指句的比例更高,談話者更傾向于談?wù)撎囟ㄊ录?6)最后還發(fā)現(xiàn)了口語中一類特殊的話題結(jié)構(gòu)——后置追補式話題結(jié)構(gòu)。在語料觀察的基礎(chǔ)上,文章對漢語話題化的可及性表現(xiàn)等進(jìn)行了討論。文章語料顯示,在話題化操作中,漢語主語比賓語更可及,符合名詞短語可及性等級序列的預(yù)測;但在話題化策略上,主語比賓語更傾向于使用復(fù)指代詞策略,與關(guān)系化操作中的表現(xiàn)不同。此外,文章結(jié)合語料中的例證討論了漢語從屬句(包括關(guān)系從句)中話題結(jié)構(gòu)的表現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Based on the spoken and written corpus, this paper examines the distribution of formal tagged topic structures in Chinese. Firstly, based on the previous studies, this paper defines the scope of topic structure, and makes a more detailed classification of topic structure. This paper also focuses on the dimensions which have not been paid attention to in the past, such as the category of topic, the length of topic, the semantic type of topic sentence, the expression of topic sentence in subordinate sentence and so on. It is found that the marked topic structure in both spoken and written Chinese has the following commonalities: 1) Non-argument topic sentences are widely distributed in Chinese, more than meta-topic sentences (2) in Chinese, topicalization structures are more than dislocated ones. The subject component is more apt to topic and lose position than the object component (3) the most commonly used means of indicating the topic in Chinese is pauses. 4) most of the topics are covered by noun phrases) the length of the topic is mostly within 10 syllables. In general, the topic chain of a sentence contains two declarative clauses (8) the tendency of multiple topics in the multi-topic structure is "non-argumentative topic". Some differences in topic structure between spoken and written language are also found. (1) topic sentences are used more frequently in spoken English than in written ones. It is mainly reflected in non-argument topic sentences in spoken language more than non-argument topic sentences in written language (2) among non-argument topic sentences in spoken language, the topic sentences of temporal and geographical register are the most, and far more than those of background register topic sentences. However, there is no significant difference between the two in written language. 3) the most commonly used topic marker in spoken language is Teuton word, while the most commonly used topic marker in written language is preposition No. 4) the average length of topic in written language is slightly longer than that in written language (5) the proportion of special finger sentences in oral language is higher than that in written language. Finally, we found a kind of special topic structure in spoken language-postsupplementary topic structure. On the basis of corpus observation, this paper discusses the accessibility performance of Chinese topicalization. The corpus shows that Chinese subject is more accessible than object in topicalization operation, which accords with the prediction of noun phrase accessibility rank sequence, but in topicalization strategy, subject is more inclined to use complex pronoun strategy than object. It is different from the performance in the relational operation. In addition, this paper discusses the expression of topic structure in Chinese subordinate sentences (including relative clauses) with examples in the corpus.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H146.3

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