本文選題：“二簡” + 漢字簡化��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：1977年,我國頒布《第二次漢字簡化方案(草案)》(簡稱“二簡”),在全社會(huì)推行試用“二簡字”。1986年此方案被廢止,“二簡字”也在全國范圍內(nèi)停止試用�！兜诙螡h字簡化方案(草案)》在近十年的時(shí)間里,歷經(jīng)了從擬定到推行,從爭議到廢止的曲折過程。作為新中國成立后文字改革的組成部分和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),作為繼1956年《漢字簡化方案》及1964年《簡化字總表》(簡稱“一簡”)后漢字簡化工作的延續(xù)和發(fā)展,“二簡”一直是探討文字改革、漢字簡化相關(guān)問題時(shí)不可忽視的重要?dú)v史事件。但由于其特殊的時(shí)代背景、短暫的存廢時(shí)間、過簡的方案內(nèi)容以及混亂的社會(huì)用字等因素,導(dǎo)致了學(xué)界及社會(huì)對(duì)“二簡”和其相關(guān)問題采取避而不談或質(zhì)疑抨擊的態(tài)度;并且,由于“二簡”被明確廢止、“二簡字”被停止試用這一既定政策規(guī)定,也導(dǎo)致在文字政策研究議題上,“二簡”一直被置于靜態(tài)單一的視角中,被囿于零散粗略的論述中,被定于消極否定的評(píng)價(jià)中。本文試圖轉(zhuǎn)換視角,調(diào)整維度,對(duì)“二簡”進(jìn)行深度、全面及客觀的描述、解析和判辨,以端正其歷史地位、評(píng)議其歷史影響、總結(jié)其教訓(xùn)啟示,為漢字的穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展、為文字規(guī)范化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作的推進(jìn)提供意見和參考。本文力圖將“二簡”作為研究軸心,從縱向、橫向兩個(gè)維度展開。從縱向維度梳理還原這一階段性歷史事件的相關(guān)背景,將其放置于文字改革、漢字簡化的整體史實(shí)中考察,以探究大背景下文字改革趨勢(shì)變化對(duì)漢字簡化小事件的影響,并考量漢字簡化小事件的成敗起落對(duì)大背景下文字改革進(jìn)程所產(chǎn)生的效應(yīng);從橫向維度對(duì)比分析這一延續(xù)性漢字簡化工作的合理程度,將其串聯(lián)在“一簡”的相對(duì)成功與現(xiàn)今漢字規(guī)范的整體系統(tǒng)中判定,以思考漢字大體系的內(nèi)部規(guī)則、組合方式、區(qū)別特征等要素對(duì)漢字簡化的理據(jù)制約,并審視漢字簡化的程度與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)于漢字大體系內(nèi)部層序性、合理性、穩(wěn)定性等要素所產(chǎn)生的沖擊。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文還將從動(dòng)態(tài)互動(dòng)維度探尋剖析“二簡”這一應(yīng)用性文字政策事件的失敗本質(zhì),將其投射于政策、學(xué)理、社會(huì)的綜合層面進(jìn)行闡述,以政府、學(xué)者、群眾三要素的作為模式為框架,來歸納大社會(huì)下各類相關(guān)要件的行為動(dòng)機(jī)、執(zhí)行程度對(duì)文字簡化的干預(yù)尺度和最終效果。因此,本文不再將“二簡”視為孤立的、單一的、靜態(tài)的事件,而將其看做階段性的文字改革歷史、延續(xù)性的漢字簡化工作以及應(yīng)用性的文字規(guī)范政策,從關(guān)聯(lián)、動(dòng)態(tài)及綜合的視角全面解析“二簡”;嘗試使用“以大析小”、“以小見大”的分析方法,以時(shí)代大背景、文字大體系、社會(huì)大維度來解析“二簡”的存廢,以“二簡”這一小事件、小調(diào)整、小要素來窺探其對(duì)大環(huán)境的影響和效應(yīng)。全文立足于客觀,著眼于史實(shí),依據(jù)于字理,思辨于本質(zhì),共分為六章。第一、二章還原再現(xiàn)近代及新中國成立后漢字簡化運(yùn)動(dòng)的背景歷史,采用漢字簡化“理論——實(shí)踐”的雙線制考察方式,試圖整理出不同階段漢字簡化的共性和特性以及不同階段簡化之間的關(guān)聯(lián)及影響。第三、四章對(duì)“二簡”字表進(jìn)行分類與解析,采取“三定”步驟,即從對(duì)“二簡字”的定量、定性論證中給予“二簡”以合理定位;并且利用對(duì)比的方法,從與“一簡”的比照論證中看待“二簡字”的理據(jù)度和延續(xù)性。第五、六章探討“二簡”失敗原因、歸納教訓(xùn)啟示并闡述公允評(píng)價(jià)。采取“三合”原則,即“合理、合情、合規(guī)”,探討“二簡”是否符合字理規(guī)律,是否符合使用情況、是否符合文字規(guī)范。從制定、使用、規(guī)范角度;從政府、專家、群眾層面;從政策、學(xué)理、社會(huì)維度鏡像出漢字簡化穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展的關(guān)系,以及文字規(guī)范化與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的發(fā)展前景等問題。因此對(duì)于“二簡”,本文進(jìn)行了宏觀全面的把控論綱、微觀具體的現(xiàn)象觀察以及立體多維的本質(zhì)思考。本文最后認(rèn)為,不應(yīng)簡單揚(yáng)棄地將“二簡”視為漢字簡化的徹底失敗,而應(yīng)理性客觀地將其視為漢字簡化中的曲折探索,“二簡”在我國漢字簡化的歷史中具有“承前啟后”的作用,“二簡”中部分合理的簡化可以為漢字系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化提供思路和佐證,不合理的簡化可以為未來漢字規(guī)范化工作提供教訓(xùn)和警示。在對(duì)“二簡”失敗本質(zhì)的探究中,考量評(píng)判作為外部因素的政府、專家、群眾三方的互動(dòng)作為模式,是本文對(duì)于文字政策研究的一次嘗試,希望這種新視角可為我國文字政策的未來發(fā)展提供有益的參考。
[Abstract]:In 1977, China promulgated the "second simplified Chinese characters" (Draft) > ("two Jane"). The program was abolished in the whole society for "two simple words" in.1986. The "two simple word" was also stopped in the whole country. The "second simplified Chinese character" scheme (draft) has been from the drafting to the implementation, from the dispute to the waste in the last ten years. As a part and key link of the Chinese character reform after the founding of the new China, as the continuation and development of the simplified Chinese character after the 1956 "simplified Chinese character" and the "simplified" ("one Jane") in 1964, the "two Jane" has always been an important part of the discussion of the problems of Chinese character transformation and the simplification of Chinese characters. Historical events, but because of their special time background, short period of storage and abolition, oversimplified program content and chaotic social use of characters, it has led to the academic and social attitudes to the "two Jane" and its related problems; and, as the "two Jane" was explicitly abolished, the "two simple word" was stopped to try the trial. This established policy stipulates that the "two Jane" has been placed in a static and single perspective on the topic of the study of the text policy. It is limited to the negative and negative evaluation in the scattered and rough discussion. This article tries to transform the perspective, adjust the dimension, and describe, analyze and judge the "two Jane" in a comprehensive and objective way. It is its historical position, reviews its historical influence, summarizes its lessons, and provides suggestions and references for the stability and development of Chinese characters, the standardization of characters and the promotion of standardization work. This article tries to unfold the "two Jane" as the research axis, from the longitudinal and horizontal two dimensions. In order to explore the effect of the change of Chinese characters on the simplified Chinese characters in the big background, the effect of the success or failure of the success or failure of the small Chinese characters on the process of the text reform under the big background, and the comparison and analysis of the continuity Chinese character from the horizontal dimension, are studied in the whole history of the text reform and the simplification of Chinese characters. The reasonable degree of the work is simplified, and it is determined in the whole system of the relative success of "one Jane" and the standard of modern Chinese characters. In order to consider the internal rules, combination methods and distinguishing features of the large system of Chinese characters, it restricts the rationale of the simplified Chinese character, and examines the degree and standard of the simplified Chinese character to the internal sequence of the Chinese character system, On the basis of this, this paper will also explore the failure nature of the application of "two Jane" from the dynamic interactive dimension, and project it on the comprehensive level of policy, science and society, with the framework of the government, the scholar and the three elements of the masses as the framework. The behavior motivation of all kinds of relevant elements under the big society, the intervention scale and the final effect of the implementation degree to the text simplification. Therefore, this article no longer regards the "two Jane" as isolated, single and static events, and regards it as a stage of the history of the text reform, the continuation of the simplified Chinese character work and the application of the language standard policy. The analysis of "two Jane" is fully analyzed in the perspective of the dynamic and comprehensive. The analysis method of "taking big analysis to small" and "taking a small view" is used to analyze the existence and abolition of the "two Jane" with the background of the times, the large system of words, and the large social dimension. The influence and effect of the "two Jane" on the big environment is explored by small adjustments and small elements. Based on the objective, with a view to the historical facts, according to the character theory and the essence, it is divided into six chapters. The first, second chapter restores the background history of the simplified Chinese character movement after the reappearance of modern and the founding of the new China, and uses the Chinese character to simplify the double line system of "theory and practice", trying to sort out the generality and characteristics of the simplified Chinese characters at different stages, and not In the third, fourth chapter, the "two Jane" words are classified and analyzed, and the "three definite" steps are taken, that is to give the "two Jane" in the quantitative analysis of the "two simple words" and the "two Jane" in the qualitative demonstration, and to use the comparison method to treat the "two simple words" from the comparison argument with "one Jane". The fifth, sixth chapter discusses the reasons for the failure of the "two Jane", summarizes the lessons and expounds the fair evaluation. Taking the "three in" principle, namely "reasonable, harmonious, and conforming", discusses whether the "two Jane" conforms to the rule of word rationale, whether it conforms to the use situation, and whether the Fu Hewen word standard. From the formulation, use, and standard angle; from the government, expert, group From the policy, the academic theory and the social dimension mirrors the relationship between the simplified stability and the development of Chinese characters, as well as the development prospects of the standardization and standardization of Chinese characters. Therefore, for the "two Jane", this article has carried out a macroscopic and comprehensive outline of the control, the microscopic concrete phenomenon observation and the stereoscopic multidimensional thinking. The "two Jane" is regarded as a complete failure of the simplification of Chinese characters in a simple and abandoned place, and it should be regarded as a zigzag exploration in the simplification of Chinese characters rationally and objectively. The "two Jane" has the role of "preceding the following" in the history of Chinese character simplification. The reasonable simplification of the "two Jane" can provide ideas for the further optimization of the Chinese character system. It is proved that unreasonable simplification can provide a lesson and warning for the standardization work of Chinese characters in the future. In the exploration of the nature of the failure of the "two Jane", it is an attempt to examine the interaction between the government, the experts and the three party of the masses as a model for the nature of the failure of the "two Jane". The future development of the policy provides a useful reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H124

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