本文選題：句子生成方向 + wh疑問句��； 參考：《當代語言學》2017年02期

【摘要】：本文討論兩類句法現(xiàn)象:(1)所有已知的語言都是先說結構位置高的成分,后說位置低的成分。(2)英語wh疑問句的造句規(guī)則有三個例外:所有者為疑問詞時不能單獨移位,必須把包含它的整個DP拖帶到句首;主語為疑問詞時不使用無語義助動詞do;結構位置在VP/vP之外的所有副詞類都沒有疑問形態(tài)。第一個現(xiàn)象基本上被目前的句法理論所忽視。第二類現(xiàn)象所涉及的三種句法結構從表面來看似乎互不相關,但是都分享一個特征:符合疑問句造句規(guī)則的都是從實詞環(huán)境向虛詞環(huán)境移位;而一旦移位的起點和終點都是虛詞環(huán)境就會發(fā)生上述各種例外。本文通過熱力學第二定律(即能量自然耗散)和句法運算的經(jīng)濟原則,對以上各種現(xiàn)象提出一個統(tǒng)一的解釋。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we discuss two syntactic phenomena: 1) all known languages are the components with high structural position and then with low position.) there are three exceptions to the rule of construction of English wh interrogative sentences: owner-interrogative words cannot be shifted alone. The whole DP including it must be towed to the beginning of the sentence; no semantic auxiliary verb should be used when the subject is a interrogative word; and all adverbs whose structure is located outside of VP/vP have no interrogative form. The first phenomenon is largely ignored by the present syntactic theory. The three syntactic structures involved in the second kind of phenomena seem to be unrelated on the surface, but they all share one characteristic: those that accord with the rules of sentence formation of interrogative sentences are all shifting from notional context to function context; Once the beginning and end of the shift are function-word environment, the above exceptions will occur. By means of the second law of thermodynamics (that is, natural dissipation of energy) and the economic principle of syntactic operation, a unified explanation of the above phenomena is presented in this paper.
【作者單位】： 南京大學文學院;美國威斯康星大學語言學系;
【分類號】：H146.3;H314.3
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本文編號：1889263