本文選題：漢語反語 + ERPs實驗��； 參考：《四川外國語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：根據(jù)理解加工的復(fù)雜程度,人類語言可分為字面語言和非字面語言(比喻性語言),反語作為一種典型的非字面語言,更加集中體現(xiàn)了人類認知的復(fù)雜性,但同時也在我們的日常生活中占據(jù)了舉足輕重的地位。反語作為一種常見的修辭方式,長期以來在很多領(lǐng)域受到眾多研究者的青睞,如:文學(xué),修辭學(xué),語言學(xué)等,而如今認知神經(jīng)語言學(xué)的快速發(fā)展,更是為反語的研究開辟了新的方向和思路。雖然長期以來性別差異研究在多個領(lǐng)域都進行得如火如荼,尤其以文學(xué)和社會語言學(xué)為主,但從電生理這種實驗科學(xué)視角研究性別差異的卻相對較少,以此方法研究漢語修辭加工中的性別差異更是幾乎沒有,考慮到反語與我們的日常生活息息相關(guān),同時也是漢語修辭中的一種重要修辭手段,因此本研究采用事件相關(guān)電位技術(shù)(ERPs),探索了漢語反語識解加工過程中的性別差異。本實驗在四川外國語大學(xué)外語學(xué)習(xí)認知神經(jīng)實驗室完成,以行為數(shù)據(jù)和腦電成分為主要參考指標,采用2(男女被試)×3(關(guān)鍵句類型:反語句、直義句以及無關(guān)句)的實驗范式,實驗要求被試在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)閱讀相關(guān)語境和關(guān)鍵句,呈現(xiàn)結(jié)束后判斷探測詞為真詞還是假詞,最后再判斷陳述句描述的內(nèi)容是否和前文一致,并分別按下相應(yīng)鍵。需要指出本研究均采用熟悉反語,本實驗通過Neuroscan 4.5和Synaps 2軟件采集并記錄腦電數(shù)據(jù),然后對行為數(shù)據(jù)和腦電數(shù)據(jù)進行離線分析,最后再通過SPSS19.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計分析。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)行為數(shù)據(jù)表明,男女在反語句條件下,判斷探測詞真假的反應(yīng)時間分別為1134.59ms和1035.06ms,直義句條件下分別為1087.43ms和1026.17ms,無關(guān)句條件下分別為1197.79ms和1064.07ms,三種情況下女性的平均反應(yīng)時間都短于男性,但差異不顯著。男女均呈現(xiàn)以下趨勢:直義句的反應(yīng)時間最短,無關(guān)句的反應(yīng)時間最長,反語居于二者之間。男女在反語條件下的正確率分別為97.2%和97.6%,在直義句條件下分別為98.7%和98.4%,二者基本無差異。(2)腦電數(shù)據(jù)表明,探測詞在50ms—150ms時間窗內(nèi),男女識解漢語反語的波幅差異顯著[t=-3.4765,p=0.0020.05],女性誘發(fā)更大的N100波幅。探測詞在150ms—250ms時間窗內(nèi),男女識解漢語反語的潛伏期差異顯著[t=4.485,p=0.0010.05],女性誘發(fā)P200的潛伏期更短,但在反語對比直義句的條件下,男性[t=1.332,p=0.0220.05]比女性[t=2.171,p=0.0480.05]誘發(fā)更大的P200波幅。探測詞在250ms-450ms時間窗內(nèi),男女識解漢語反語的潛伏期差異顯著[t=5.243,p=0.0000.05],同樣地,女性誘發(fā)N400的潛伏期更短,但是男性在三種話語類型的交互對比中,N400的波幅差異不顯著,女性[t=2.874,p=0.0120.05]則在反語對比直義句條件下誘發(fā)了更大的N400波幅。探測詞在450ms-1000ms時間窗內(nèi),男女識解漢語反語的波幅差異顯著[t=-4.745,p=0.0000.05],女性能誘發(fā)更大的LPC波幅。以上數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果表明,漢語反語的識解過程中,確實存在性別差異,說明男女被試采用不同的大腦機制進行加工,同時也在識解過程中采用了不同的策略。女性對于漢語反語的識解加工更為敏感,能更快地集中注意力,但男性能更快地對視覺刺激做出反應(yīng),因此產(chǎn)生更大的P200波幅;女性對于漢語反語的語義加工也更為迅速,產(chǎn)生更大的N400波幅;女性激活的腦區(qū)更為全面,可能之前的個人經(jīng)歷或知識也能更快地促進理解,因此對反映深層次概念加工的LPC更為敏感,產(chǎn)生更大的波幅。但是男女均表現(xiàn)出:直義句識解最容易,無關(guān)句最困難,反語介于二者之間,由于本研究均采用熟悉反語,有時甚至表現(xiàn)出反語和直義句無太大顯著差異,這也說明反語條件下,被試成功提取了可能性特征,促進了對反語的理解,而無關(guān)句無法提取探測詞的可能性特征。
[Abstract]:According to the complexity of understanding processing, human language can be divided into literal and non literal languages (figurative languages). As a typical non literal language, irony embodies the complexity of human cognition, but it also occupies a position in our daily life. Irony is a common rhetorical side. It has long been favored by many researchers in many fields, such as literature, rhetoric, linguistics and so on, and now the rapid development of cognitive neurolinguistics has opened up new directions and ideas for the research of irony. Although the study of gender differences has been in full swing in many fields for a long time, especially in literature and society. However, the study of gender differences from the experimental scientific perspective of electrophysiology is relatively small. In this way, it is almost impossible to study the gender differences in Chinese rhetorical processing. Considering that irony is closely related to our daily life, it is also an important rhetorical device in the Chinese rhetoric. Therefore, this study uses events. The correlation potential technique (ERPs) was used to explore the gender differences in the process of Chinese Antithesis processing. The experiment was completed in the cognitive neural Laboratory of foreign language learning in Sichuan foreign language university. The experimental paradigm of 2 (male and female subjects) x 3 (key sentence types: anti sentence type, straight sentence and irrelevant sentence) was used as the main reference index of the behavioral data and electroencephalogram. The experiment requires that the subjects read the relevant contexts and key sentences within the prescribed time, and judge whether the detection words are true words or false words after the presentation, and then judge whether the contents of the statements are consistent with the previous ones, and press the corresponding keys respectively. It is necessary to point out that this study uses familiar irony, and the experiment is through Neuroscan 4.5 and Synaps 2 software. The EEG data were collected and recorded, and then the behavior data and EEG data were analyzed off-line, and then the statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS19.0 software. The results were as follows: (1) behavior data showed that the reaction time of judging the true and false detection words of men and women was divided into 1134.59ms and 1035.06ms under the condition of the irony sentence, and the conditions of the direct meaning sentence were 1087., respectively. 43ms and 1026.17ms are 1197.79ms and 1064.07ms respectively. The average response time of women is shorter than that of men in the three cases, but the difference is not significant. Both men and women show the following trends: the shortest reaction time of the straight sentences, the longest reaction time in the irrelevant sentences, and the reversion between the two. The difference between 97.2% and 97.6% is 98.7% and 98.4%, respectively, and there is no difference between the two and the two. (2) the EEG data shows that the amplitude difference between men and women in understanding Chinese irony is significant [t=-3.4765, p=0.0020.05], and the female induces a greater N100 amplitude in the time window of the Chinese language. There is a significant difference in incubation period of [t=4.485, p=0.0010.05], and the incubation period of P200 is shorter in women. But under the condition of contrastive contrastive sentences, male [t=1.332, p=0.0220.05] than female [t=2.171, and p=0.0480.05] induce greater P200 wave amplitude. In the 250ms-450ms time window, there is a significant difference in the latency difference between men and women in understanding Chinese irony [t. =5.243, p=0.0000.05], similarly, the latency of N400 induced by women is shorter, but in the male interaction of three types of discourse, the amplitude difference of N400 is not significant. The female [t=2.874 and p=0.0120.05] induce a greater N400 amplitude in the contrastive contrastive sentence condition. In the 450ms-1000ms time window, the detective words understand the Chinese irony. The difference in amplitude of wave amplitude is [t=-4.745, p=0.0000.05], and women can induce a greater amplitude of LPC wave. The results show that there is a gender difference in the process of Chinese irony, which shows that men and women are used to process different brain mechanisms and adopt different strategies in the process of understanding. It is more sensitive and able to concentrate more quickly, but men can react more quickly to visual stimuli, resulting in greater P200 amplitude; women's semantic processing of Chinese irony is also faster, producing greater N400 amplitude; women are more fully active in the brain and may be faster in previous personal experiences or knowledge. To promote understanding, the LPC is more sensitive to the deep conceptual processing and produces greater amplitude. But both men and women show the easiest, the most difficult, and the irony between the two. Under the condition of language, the subjects successfully extracted the possibility characteristics, facilitated the comprehension of irony, and irrelevant sentences could not extract the possibility characteristics of detection words.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H15

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