本文選題：外來詞 + 借用過程�。� 參考：《中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：詞語借用是一個過程,是詞匯項(xiàng)目從源語轉(zhuǎn)移到受語,并經(jīng)過競爭與選擇而最終融入受語詞匯系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)過程。本文以大規(guī)模語料庫和稱名問卷為研究工具,采取定性與定量相結(jié)合的研究方法,對漢語英源外來詞的借用過程進(jìn)行考察,并揭示借用過程背后的機(jī)制。本文采用創(chuàng)新與創(chuàng)新的傳播這一有關(guān)語言演變的理論模型,將外來詞借用過程闡述為兩個過程:跨語際的詞匯創(chuàng)新與詞匯創(chuàng)新在受語言語社區(qū)的傳播。外來詞是一種跨語際的詞匯創(chuàng)新,借用者將英語中的詞匯成分譯借至漢語,在漢語中再創(chuàng)造為一個新的詞語,由于這種詞匯創(chuàng)新發(fā)生于兩種語言之間,因此是一種跨語際的詞匯創(chuàng)新,這一創(chuàng)新過程的機(jī)制是借用者的語際識別。語言的創(chuàng)新是功能性的,作為跨語際的詞匯創(chuàng)新,外來詞因漢語表達(dá)空缺或語用等動因的促動而借入漢語。創(chuàng)新的傳播是社會性的,外來詞借入漢語后在漢語言語社區(qū)內(nèi)的傳播實(shí)質(zhì)上就是漢語說話人選擇的過程,選擇發(fā)生在語言系統(tǒng)和言語社區(qū)兩個層面。語言系統(tǒng)層面,漢語說話人在表達(dá)同一概念的多種詞形中進(jìn)行選擇,被選擇的詞形將規(guī)約化為漢語詞匯系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定成員,未被選擇的將被淘汰,逐漸隱退。本文在語料庫的基礎(chǔ)上重點(diǎn)考察了表達(dá)同一概念的音譯詞和意譯詞或固有詞之間的競爭與選擇,音譯詞詞位變體之間的競爭與選擇,同義音譯詞之間的競爭與選擇,以及字母詞與對應(yīng)漢字表達(dá)形式之間的競爭與選擇。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文進(jìn)一步從語言特征和詞語使用兩方面討論了影響漢語說話人外來詞選擇傾向性的因素。語言特征方面,將影響音譯詞選擇傾向性的因素概括為四個原則:填空優(yōu)先原則、表義清晰性原則、語言經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則和受語模式匹配原則;字母詞選擇傾向性主要受表義清晰性原則和語言經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則制約。詞語使用方面,外來詞的借用時間、持續(xù)使用時間、使用頻次和使用范圍等因素都會對漢語說話人外來詞選擇傾向性產(chǎn)生影響。言語社區(qū)層面,在稱名問卷調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)現(xiàn),不同年齡、英語水平、受教育程度和居住地的漢語說話人在外來詞選擇上存在顯著差異,這種差異尤其突出地表現(xiàn)在新外來詞上,新外來詞在不同社會特征人群中選擇的差異一定程度上可以看出外來詞在借用過程中在言語社區(qū)內(nèi)的傳播方向。外來詞借用過程與機(jī)制研究是漢語外來詞研究領(lǐng)域的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),本文對這一問題進(jìn)行了探索性研究,研究結(jié)論有助于深化對詞語借用現(xiàn)象的理解與認(rèn)識。外來詞的借用過程是一個復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象,還有很多值得探討的問題,在未來的研究中仍需不斷完善與深化。
[Abstract]:Word borrowing is a dynamic process in which lexical items are transferred from the source language to the recipient and are finally integrated into the recipient lexical system through competition and selection. Based on the large-scale corpus and the name questionnaire, this paper uses the qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate the borrowing process of Chinese English loanwords, and reveals the mechanism behind the borrowing process. Based on the theoretical model of innovation and innovation communication, this paper describes the loanword borrowing process as two processes: interlingual lexical innovation and lexical innovation in the language community. Loanwords are a kind of interlingual lexical innovation. The loanwords are translated into Chinese by the loanwords, which are created as a new word in Chinese, because this kind of lexical innovation takes place between two languages. Therefore, it is a cross-lingual lexical innovation, and the mechanism of this innovation process is the interlingual recognition of the borrower. The innovation of language is functional. As an interlingual lexical innovation, loanwords borrow Chinese because of the motivation of Chinese expression vacancy or pragmatics. The communication of innovation is social, and the communication of loanwords in the Chinese language community is essentially the process of Chinese speakers' choice, which occurs at the two levels of language system and speech community. At the level of language system, Chinese speakers choose the same concept in a variety of morphologies, the selected form will be reduced to a stable member of the Chinese lexical system, and those that are not selected will be eliminated and gradually retired. On the basis of corpus, this paper focuses on the competition and choice between transliteration words and free translation words or inherent words, the competition and choice among transliteration words, and the competition and choice among synonymous transliteration words. And the competition and choice between alphabetic words and corresponding Chinese characters. On this basis, this paper further discusses the factors that affect the preference of Chinese speakers' loanwords from two aspects: linguistic characteristics and lexical usage. In terms of linguistic features, the factors affecting the preference of transliterated words are summed up as four principles: the principle of filling in the blanks, the principle of clarity of meaning, the principle of language economy and the principle of matching the receiving patterns; The preference of alphabetic words is mainly restricted by the principle of clear meaning and the principle of language economy. In terms of word use, the borrowing time, duration, frequency and scope of use of loanwords all have an impact on the preference of loanwords in Chinese speakers. At the level of speech community, on the basis of Nomenclature questionnaire, it is found that there are significant differences in loanwords selection among Chinese speakers of different ages, English proficiency, education level and place of residence. This difference is especially evident in the new loanwords. To a certain extent, the differences in the choice of new loanwords in different social groups can see the direction of loanwords spread in the speech community in the process of borrowing. The research on the process and mechanism of loanword borrowing is a weak link in the field of Chinese loanword research. This paper makes an exploratory study on this issue, and the conclusion is helpful to deepen the understanding and understanding of the phenomenon of loanwords borrowing. The borrowing process of loanwords is a complex phenomenon, and there are still many problems to be discussed, which still need to be perfected and deepened in the future research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H136.5
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本文編號：1776401