本文選題：放置動詞 + 放置義句式��； 參考：《浙江財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：前人對放置動詞和放置義句式有不少研究。但這些研究對各種漢語放置義句式之間的不同以及漢、英放置義句式之間的差異關(guān)注不夠。本文對各種漢語放置義句式以及漢、英放置義句式加以比較，并聯(lián)系普通重音規(guī)則、動后限制從句法學(xué)等角度對相關(guān)差異作出解釋。 首先，漢語“NP1+V+NP2+PLoc”這一句式與其他放置義句式不同。在這一句式中，賓語和表方位的介詞短語共現(xiàn)于動詞之后，而其他類型的放置義句式中，動詞之后則只含賓語或表方位介詞短語。后一種情況中，句式遵從普通重音規(guī)則和動后限制，但前一種情況下，句式表面看來違反了普通重音規(guī)則和動后限制。不過，按我們的分析，可以將“NP1+V+NP2+PLoc”這一句式看作兼語式，“P”位置上動詞性的“在”作為謂語成分分配普通重音給方位名詞，因此并不存在違反普通重音規(guī)則的情況；而且此兼語式實(shí)際由“NP1+V+NP2”和“NP2+PLoc”兩個子句結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成，其中每一句式動詞后只出現(xiàn)賓語成分，因此該句式也不違反動后限制。 其次，本文從語用學(xué)角度確定了漢、英兩種語言中的典型放置義句式分別為“NP1+PP+V+NP2”和“NP1+V+NP2+PP”。英語典型放置義句式中介詞短語置于動詞之后，然而漢語典型放置義句式中介詞短語置于動詞之前。漢語中獨(dú)有的“動后限制”造成了這一差異。按這一限制，漢語動詞后只能出現(xiàn)動詞賓語和結(jié)果性成分。所以在漢語典型的放置義句式中，表示方位和工具的介詞短語位于動詞之前。 最后，，本文發(fā)現(xiàn)英語中存在擴(kuò)展式放置義句式，而漢語中并沒有擴(kuò)展式放置義句式。英語中能夠進(jìn)入擴(kuò)展式的放置動詞如pocket和butter都由相應(yīng)名詞在詞匯句法層面通過句法操作與輕動詞CAUSE和BECOME等合并生成，而現(xiàn)代漢語中并沒有此類在詞匯句法層面的句法操作，因此這種名源放置動詞在漢語中無法生成，由此導(dǎo)致漢語擴(kuò)展式放置義句式的闕如。
[Abstract]:There have been many studies on the placement of verbs and sentence patterns. However, these studies do not pay enough attention to the differences between Chinese and English sentences. This paper makes a comparison of various Chinese sentence patterns and Chinese and English sentences, and explains the differences from the point of view of common stress rules and the law of post-verbally restricted clauses. First of all, the sentence pattern of NP1 V NP2 PLoc is different from other sentence patterns. In this sentence pattern, the object and the prepositional phrase appear after the verb, while in the other types of placement sentence, the verb only contains the object or the locative prepositional phrase after the verb. In the latter case, the sentence pattern obeys the ordinary stress rule and the post-motion restriction, but in the former case, the sentence pattern appears to violate the ordinary stress rule and the post-motion restriction. However, according to our analysis, the sentence pattern "NP1 V NP2 PLoc" can be regarded as a paraphrase, and the verb "in" position "P" distributes the common stress to the noun as a predicate element. Therefore, there is no violation of the ordinary stress rule, and the sentence is actually composed of "NP1V NP2" and "NP2PLoc" clauses, in which only object elements appear after each sentence verb, so the sentence does not violate the post-motion restriction. Secondly, from the perspective of pragmatics, this paper defines the typical sentence patterns in Chinese and English as "NP1 PP V NP2" and "NP1 V NP2 PP" respectively. In English, the prepositional phrase in the semantic sentence is placed after the verb, while in the Chinese, the prepositional phrase in the semantic sentence is placed before the verb. This difference is caused by the unique "after-motion restriction" in Chinese. According to this limitation, only verb objects and resultant elements can appear after Chinese verbs. Therefore, in the typical Chinese sentence of placement, the prepositional phrase representing orientation and tool is before the verb. Finally, it is found that there are extended placement semantic sentences in English and no extended placement semantic sentences in Chinese. In English, extended placement verbs such as pocket and butter are generated by the syntactic manipulation of the corresponding nouns at the lexical and syntactic level with the light verbs CAUSE and BECOME, but there is no such syntactic operation at the lexical level in modern Chinese. Therefore, the noun placement verb can not be generated in Chinese, which leads to the absence of extended placement semantic sentence in Chinese.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H146.3;H314.3

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