聚焦敘事的倫理意蘊(yùn)
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-12 20:24
【摘要】： 敘事倫理作為一種新的批評方式,近年來引起了廣泛的影響。本文的目的在于通過將“聚焦”這個敘事學(xué)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)非常重要的范疇作為切入點,將敘事倫理這種批評方法進(jìn)行一次實踐。 前言部分,通過介紹道德批評和審美批評各自的發(fā)展史,本文認(rèn)為敘事倫理這種批評方法作為一種將道德批評和審美批評結(jié)合起來的嘗試,是有著很大的理論意義和實踐價值的。 第一部分,零聚焦敘事的特點在于作者具有高高在上的地位,可以任意插入自己的評論。在倫理意蘊(yùn)方面,零聚焦敘事具有一種上帝般的倫理優(yōu)勢,因此常用俯視的視角來進(jìn)行敘述。作者利用自己的優(yōu)勢,隨意進(jìn)行評論性的插入,對讀者進(jìn)行道德訓(xùn)誡。而讀者的主動性相對較小,對敘述者亦步亦趨,是敘述者進(jìn)行道德教化的對象。零聚焦的出現(xiàn)根源于人類對真實性的追求,同時也受到了當(dāng)時時代思潮的影響。 第二部分,對人物內(nèi)心的關(guān)注是內(nèi)聚焦敘事的長處。在倫理意蘊(yùn)方面,內(nèi)聚焦敘事體現(xiàn)出了一種對個人價值的肯定。在小說中,作者讓位于隱含作者,作者的聲音更加隱蔽。內(nèi)聚焦敘事對讀者具有很強(qiáng)的感染力。內(nèi)聚焦敘事的出現(xiàn)反映出人們的興趣已經(jīng)從對外部世界的觀察深入到對內(nèi)部世界的自醒,個體的意義日益重要。 第三部分,外聚焦敘事是一種外在于故事的聚焦方式。在倫理意蘊(yùn)方面,外聚焦這種不對故事作道德評價的“非人格化”敘述反映了作者在價值問題上的冷漠與超然。作者在小說敘事過程中竭力隱藏自己的聲音,回避作者本人的情感及價值判斷。外聚焦敘事能夠造成一種閱讀的主動性,讀者在沒有任何參照的情況下,通過自己對文本的理解做出對文本意義的解讀。外聚焦敘事是現(xiàn)代資本主義社會中異化現(xiàn)實的反映。 第四部分,多聚焦敘事是對以上三種聚焦方式的綜合運用。在倫理意蘊(yùn)方面,多聚焦敘事帶有很強(qiáng)的后現(xiàn)代色彩,在小說形式上與之前的小說有著很大的不同,帶有明顯的消解權(quán)威、否定價值的傾向。在后現(xiàn)代小說中,作者暴露操作痕跡的目的是為了系統(tǒng)地、有意識地向讀者揭露小說的虛構(gòu)本質(zhì)。文本意義理解上的多義性與不確定性使得讀者莫衷一是,難以得到確定的意義。多聚焦敘事是后現(xiàn)代語境下的一種敘事策略。 結(jié)語部分,總結(jié)本文的主要內(nèi)容,認(rèn)為聚焦方式如同作者看待世界的眼睛,不管這雙眼睛究竟看到了什么,但是這種看的方式本身就具有獨立的倫理意義,值得引起我們的注意。
[Abstract]:As a new way of criticism, narrative ethics has caused extensive influence in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to put the critical method of narrative ethics into practice by taking "focus", a very important category in the field of narratology, as a starting point. In the preface, by introducing the history of moral criticism and aesthetic criticism, this paper holds that narrative ethics is an attempt to combine moral criticism with aesthetic criticism. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value. In the first part, the characteristics of zero-focus narration are that the author has a high position and can insert his comments at will. In terms of ethical implication, zero-focus narrative has a God-like ethical advantage, so it is often described from the perspective of overlooking. The author makes use of his own advantage, carries on the critical insertion at will, carries on the moral admonition to the reader. But the reader's initiative is relatively small, the narrator follows the same trend, is the narrator carries on the moral enlightenment object. The emergence of zero-focus is rooted in the pursuit of reality and influenced by the trend of thought at that time. In the second part, the focus on the inner heart of the characters is the strength of the internal focus narrative. In the aspect of ethical implication, the narrative of internal focus embodies an affirmation of personal value. In the novel, the author gives way to the implied author and his voice is more concealed. The narrative of internal focus has a strong appeal to readers. The appearance of internal focus narrative reflects the interest of people from the observation of the external world to the self-awakening of the internal world, and the significance of the individual is becoming more and more important. The third part, the external focus narrative is a way of focusing on the story. In terms of ethical implication, the "depersonalization" narration which focuses on the moral evaluation of the story reflects the author's apathy and detachment on the value issue. The author tries to hide his voice and avoid his emotion and value judgment in the narrative process of the novel. The narration of external focus can lead to a kind of reading initiative. Readers can interpret the meaning of the text through their own understanding of the text without any reference. The external focus narrative is the reflection of the alienation reality in the modern capitalist society. The fourth part, the multi-focus narrative is the comprehensive application of the above three focusing ways. In terms of ethical implication, multi-focus narration has a strong post-modern color, and has a very different form from the previous novel, with a clear tendency to dispel authority and negate value. In postmodern novels, the author's purpose is to expose the fictional nature of the novel to the reader systematically and consciously. The ambiguity and uncertainty in understanding the meaning of the text makes the reader different and difficult to obtain the definite meaning. Multi-focus narrative is a kind of narrative strategy in post-modern context. The conclusion part summarizes the main content of this paper, and thinks that the focusing way is like the eyes of the author, no matter what the eyes see, but this way of viewing has its own independent ethical significance. It deserves our attention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：I06
本文編號：2328122
[Abstract]:As a new way of criticism, narrative ethics has caused extensive influence in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to put the critical method of narrative ethics into practice by taking "focus", a very important category in the field of narratology, as a starting point. In the preface, by introducing the history of moral criticism and aesthetic criticism, this paper holds that narrative ethics is an attempt to combine moral criticism with aesthetic criticism. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value. In the first part, the characteristics of zero-focus narration are that the author has a high position and can insert his comments at will. In terms of ethical implication, zero-focus narrative has a God-like ethical advantage, so it is often described from the perspective of overlooking. The author makes use of his own advantage, carries on the critical insertion at will, carries on the moral admonition to the reader. But the reader's initiative is relatively small, the narrator follows the same trend, is the narrator carries on the moral enlightenment object. The emergence of zero-focus is rooted in the pursuit of reality and influenced by the trend of thought at that time. In the second part, the focus on the inner heart of the characters is the strength of the internal focus narrative. In the aspect of ethical implication, the narrative of internal focus embodies an affirmation of personal value. In the novel, the author gives way to the implied author and his voice is more concealed. The narrative of internal focus has a strong appeal to readers. The appearance of internal focus narrative reflects the interest of people from the observation of the external world to the self-awakening of the internal world, and the significance of the individual is becoming more and more important. The third part, the external focus narrative is a way of focusing on the story. In terms of ethical implication, the "depersonalization" narration which focuses on the moral evaluation of the story reflects the author's apathy and detachment on the value issue. The author tries to hide his voice and avoid his emotion and value judgment in the narrative process of the novel. The narration of external focus can lead to a kind of reading initiative. Readers can interpret the meaning of the text through their own understanding of the text without any reference. The external focus narrative is the reflection of the alienation reality in the modern capitalist society. The fourth part, the multi-focus narrative is the comprehensive application of the above three focusing ways. In terms of ethical implication, multi-focus narration has a strong post-modern color, and has a very different form from the previous novel, with a clear tendency to dispel authority and negate value. In postmodern novels, the author's purpose is to expose the fictional nature of the novel to the reader systematically and consciously. The ambiguity and uncertainty in understanding the meaning of the text makes the reader different and difficult to obtain the definite meaning. Multi-focus narrative is a kind of narrative strategy in post-modern context. The conclusion part summarizes the main content of this paper, and thinks that the focusing way is like the eyes of the author, no matter what the eyes see, but this way of viewing has its own independent ethical significance. It deserves our attention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：I06
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