發(fā)布時間：2018-03-24 15:31

  本文選題：明代　切入點：樂戶　出處：《遼寧師范大學》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 樂戶是中國古代專門從事音樂歌舞的一個群體。作為一個專業(yè)世襲的賤民群體,樂戶最早出現(xiàn)于北魏時期,續(xù)存于北朝、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清各代,到雍正時期才因廢除樂籍而逐漸消失。其中,明代樂戶及其管理制度最具特色。首先,明代樂戶來源廣泛,除繼承前代樂戶外,還有把部分蒙古后人罰為樂戶、把一些民間藝人、妓女籍為或買為樂戶等來源,更有特色的是永樂時把建文忠臣的妻女打入樂籍,這在前代是十分罕見的。其次,明代樂戶的法律和社會地位都十分低下。統(tǒng)治者在法律上對他們的服飾、行動、婚姻等都做出了種種歧視性的規(guī)定,在法律懲處上也要比其他的階層殘酷的多。這必然導致其社會地位的低下。不僅一般樂戶受到社會的普遍歧視,甚至管理樂戶的官員也以當教坊官為恥,而武宗時個別伶官地位的提高只是特例而已。其三,明代樂戶為傳承和發(fā)展中國古代的音樂舞蹈藝術做出了杰出的貢獻,由于他們廣泛服務于國家典禮和社會生活的各個層面,所以成為當時國家政治生活和多種社會活動中不可或缺的一部分,成為明代音樂舞蹈藝術的主要從事和發(fā)展者。其四,由于在京師和王府提供服務的樂戶可獲得免費衣食,尤其是在京師服役的樂戶趕上節(jié)日還可能得到皇帝的賞賜,因此他們的生活狀況得到較多的保障。而相比之下,地方上樂戶的經(jīng)濟狀況就差了許多。 在明代樂戶中,還出現(xiàn)了一些對社會和歷史產(chǎn)生了一定影響的人物,如馬湘蘭、顧媚、卞賽等,他們不僅在音樂、詞曲、書法、繪畫等藝術方面做出自身獨特的貢獻,而且其愛國情操也遠在當時許多七尺男兒之上。
[Abstract]:Is specializing in the China music family ancient music and dance of a group. As a professional hereditary Dalit groups, music families first appeared in the Northern Wei Dynasty, exist in the Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, to the time of Yong Zheng repealed the music gradually disappear. Among them, the Ming Dynasty music household and its management system is the most characteristic. Firstly, the Ming Dynasty music family sources, in addition to the succession to the former generation of outdoor music, and part of the punishment for the descendants of the Mongolia music family, some folk artists, prostitutes books or buy music for households and other sources, more characteristics of Yongle to Jian Wenzhong Chen's wife and daughter into the music, which is very rare in the previous generation. Secondly, households in the legal and social status of the Ming Dynasty music is very low. The rulers of action on their costumes, in law, marriage and make all sorts of discriminatory provisions, the legal punishment is stronger than the other class. This must be cruel Due to the low social status. Not only the general music family widespread discrimination in society, and even music family management officials as officer Jiaofang ashamed and Wu Tsung Ling to improve the position of individual officer was just a special case. Third, the Ming Dynasty music family inheritance and development of China ancient dance music made outstanding contribution to dance art, because each aspect of their wide range of services in the national ceremony and social life, it became a national political life and various social activities has become an indispensable part, mainly engaged in the development of the Ming Dynasty and the art of music and dance. Fourth, due to provide services in the capital and Palace music families can get free food and clothing, especially in the service of the music festival households may also get the emperor's gift, so their living conditions more security. By contrast, the local music family economic status is poor Many.
In the Ming Dynasty music families, there are also some has certain influence on the social and historical figures, such as Ma Xianglan, Gu Mei, Bian Sai, they not only in music, poetry, calligraphy, and made its own unique contribution to painting, but also in patriotism when many seven feet tall.

【學位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：J609.2

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 董旭彤;隋唐至明代禮樂觀念變化辨析[D];中國藝術研究院;2013年

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本文編號：1658909