發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-16 08:42

  本文選題：湘贛閩丘陵山區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：林地　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：湘贛閩丘陵山區(qū)地域遼闊,水熱充沛,自然資源豐富,居于我國(guó)南方丘陵山區(qū)的核心區(qū),區(qū)位條件優(yōu)越,經(jīng)濟(jì)水平發(fā)達(dá),在我國(guó)的生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展建設(shè)中都處于舉足輕重的地位。但該區(qū)地形起伏,多山地丘陵,土壤抗蝕性差而易發(fā)生水土流失;同時(shí),山地過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)帶來(lái)強(qiáng)烈的人為干擾作用,使得湘贛閩丘陵山區(qū)又成為我國(guó)一個(gè)典型土壤生態(tài)脆弱性區(qū)域。林地在水土保持,水源涵養(yǎng)和生態(tài)環(huán)境改善等方面的功能顯著。土壤是林地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)重要的組成部分,林地的土壤養(yǎng)分對(duì)林地生產(chǎn)力具有重大影響,持久地維持和提高土壤養(yǎng)分狀況是林地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定和林業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要因素。因此,探討湘贛閩丘陵山區(qū)林地土壤養(yǎng)分的空間分異特征及其環(huán)境影響因素,并將其應(yīng)用到指導(dǎo)林地的生產(chǎn)和實(shí)踐中,會(huì)對(duì)該區(qū)域林地的生產(chǎn)和生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)產(chǎn)生積極而長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的影響。本文通過(guò)對(duì)湘贛閩丘陵山區(qū)研究區(qū)進(jìn)行樣地布設(shè)與土壤采樣,獲得土壤樣品194個(gè),記錄采樣地經(jīng)緯度和高程信息,植被類(lèi)型、林地類(lèi)型、植被覆蓋度等景觀信息,施肥、灌溉等人類(lèi)影響因素,以及實(shí)測(cè)獲得的采樣地pH值信息;結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室分析,得出土壤有機(jī)質(zhì),總氮,速效磷,速效鉀含量信息,并通過(guò)采樣位置信息提取當(dāng)?shù)氐慕邓蜏囟鹊拳h(huán)境信息。運(yùn)用經(jīng)典統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析方法以及修正的內(nèi)梅洛綜合指數(shù)法對(duì)研究區(qū)全區(qū)以及不同分類(lèi)范疇下的土壤養(yǎng)分基本統(tǒng)計(jì)特征、土壤綜合肥力狀況、土壤空間變異性、以及土壤養(yǎng)分受環(huán)境因素的影響評(píng)價(jià)做了相關(guān)研究,得出主要結(jié)論如下:(1)通過(guò)對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分含量的基本描述性統(tǒng)計(jì),以及對(duì)各養(yǎng)分含量的分級(jí)占比的計(jì)算,得出湘贛閩丘陵山區(qū)的林地表層有機(jī)質(zhì)含量在我國(guó)整體處于較高的含量水平;速效磷養(yǎng)分整體缺乏,比我國(guó)平均水平低;土壤全氮含量處在我國(guó)的中高水平;速效鉀含量處于中等偏低的水平;我國(guó)磷總體不足,水平較低;土壤pH值明顯低于我國(guó)的平均水平,土壤整體偏酸性。(2)應(yīng)用修正的內(nèi)梅羅指數(shù)法,進(jìn)行湘贛閩丘陵山區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分的綜合評(píng)價(jià)上,結(jié)果顯示,該區(qū)域全體及各分類(lèi)范疇下的分肥力系數(shù)都是有機(jī)質(zhì)最高,速效磷最低;pH值的分肥力等級(jí)都為中等;且土壤綜合肥力評(píng)語(yǔ)都為中等。不同山區(qū)分類(lèi)下綜合肥力系數(shù)表現(xiàn)為贛閩山區(qū)湘西山區(qū)湘贛邊界山區(qū);隨著從丘陵海拔、低山海拔到中山海拔海拔等級(jí)的升高,綜合肥力系數(shù)同有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮和pH值的分肥力系數(shù)一起都不斷增高;不同林地類(lèi)型中,綜合肥力系數(shù)表現(xiàn)為灌木林闊葉林針闊混交林竹林針葉林;比較天然林和人工林下的結(jié)果,除了速效磷含量以外,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、土壤全氮、土壤速效鉀及土壤pH值的分肥力系數(shù)以及綜合肥力系數(shù)都是人工林低于天然林。(3)對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分的空間變異性方面的研究表明,湘贛閩丘陵山區(qū)全體及各分類(lèi)范疇下的分變異系數(shù)都是速效磷最高,大多呈強(qiáng)變異;pH最低,大多呈弱變異。隨著從丘陵到低山再到中山的海拔等級(jí)的升高,有機(jī)質(zhì)與pH值的分變異系數(shù)不斷減小;全氮與速效磷的分變異系數(shù)以及土壤綜合變異系數(shù)不斷增加。在對(duì)南方丘陵全區(qū)進(jìn)行不同分類(lèi)范疇的分類(lèi)后,各分類(lèi)范疇下的土壤綜合變異系數(shù)都小于全區(qū)的綜合變異系數(shù),說(shuō)明了空間變異性評(píng)價(jià)的尺度依賴性,對(duì)樣本進(jìn)行分類(lèi)分組分析,適當(dāng)?shù)臏p小尺度可降低土壤養(yǎng)分的空間變異性。(4)將綜合變異系數(shù)與綜合肥力系數(shù)結(jié)合來(lái)看,不同的山區(qū)分類(lèi)下,贛閩山區(qū)具有較低的養(yǎng)分變異性和最高的綜合肥力系數(shù),從養(yǎng)分優(yōu)勢(shì)和養(yǎng)分穩(wěn)定性兩方面綜合表明了贛閩山區(qū)較為優(yōu)勢(shì)的土壤肥力狀況。不同林地類(lèi)型分類(lèi)下,針葉林不僅有最高的空間變異性,又有最低的綜合肥力系數(shù),呈現(xiàn)出最為劣勢(shì)的土壤肥力狀況;闊葉林地具有最低的養(yǎng)分變異性和較高的綜合肥力系數(shù),有較為優(yōu)勢(shì)的土壤肥力狀況。天然林較人工林有較低的土壤空間變異性和較高的土壤綜合肥力,有更為優(yōu)勢(shì)的土壤整體養(yǎng)分狀況,對(duì)維持土壤的自肥能力方面有更大的潛力。(5)對(duì)于通過(guò)K-S正態(tài)性檢驗(yàn)的土壤性狀及其環(huán)境因素進(jìn)行經(jīng)典統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,結(jié)果表明:1)皮爾遜相關(guān)系數(shù)顯示研究區(qū)內(nèi)的有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮和pH值都與海拔表現(xiàn)為正相關(guān)關(guān)系,而與溫度平均表現(xiàn)為負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。2)對(duì)氣候、地理和植被等三個(gè)方面的環(huán)境參數(shù)進(jìn)行分級(jí)歸類(lèi)劃分后,方差分析可以顯示不同等級(jí)的環(huán)境參數(shù)對(duì)其土壤養(yǎng)分含量造成的影響存在著顯著性差異。3)逐步多元線性回歸分析法表明,對(duì)有機(jī)質(zhì)和全氮養(yǎng)分含量來(lái)說(shuō),海拔高度和溫度平均是其決定性環(huán)境影響因子,其中,海拔對(duì)其含量的影響呈正相關(guān),溫度對(duì)其含量的影響呈負(fù)相關(guān);對(duì)于pH值,只有溫度平均可進(jìn)入線性回歸模型,可解釋pH值變異比例為22.90%。
[Abstract]:The Hunan Jiangxi Fujian Hilly Region is vast, with plenty of water and heat, rich natural resources, is the core area of our country in southern hilly region, advantageous geographical conditions, economic level of developed, is in a pivotal position in China's ecological environment protection and social economic development in the construction. But the area of undulating terrain, mountains, soil resistance poor erosion prone to soil erosion; at the same time, the excessive development of mountain strong effect to bring human interference, the Hunan Jiangxi Fujian hilly mountain area has become a typical ecological fragile soil in China. In the forest soil and water conservation, water conservation and ecological environment improvement function significantly. Soil is an important part of ecological system woodland, woodland soil nutrients have a significant impact on the forest productivity, maintain and improve soil nutrient status is forest ecosystem stability and sustainable development of forestry Factors. Therefore, the factors of different characteristics and environmental effects of soil nutrients in the hilly area of Hunan Jiangxi Fujian space, and its application to the production and practice of forest, and positive influence on the long-term protection of regional forest production and ecological environment. This article through to the Hunan Jiangxi Fujian in the hilly area of the study area layout and soil sampling, soil samples 194, record the sampling longitude and elevation information, vegetation types, forest types, vegetation coverage and other landscape information, fertilization, irrigation and other human factors, and the sample pH value information; combined with laboratory analysis, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content information, and through the sampling position information extraction of precipitation and temperature in the local environment information. By using the classical statistical analysis method and comprehensive index method of modified Luo plums Basic statistics on Soil Nutrient Characteristics of the study area and the different categories of integrated soil fertility, soil spatial variability of soil nutrients, and affected by environmental factors evaluation was studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the basic descriptive on soil nutrient content and the content of the statistics, classification nutrient proportion calculation, the Hunan Jiangxi Fujian hilly mountain forest soil organic matter content in our country overall in the relatively high content of phosphorus nutrient; lack of overall, than the average level of our country is low; soil total nitrogen content in our country's high level; the content of available potassium was at the low level in our country; the overall lack of phosphorus, low level; soil pH value was significantly lower than the average level of our country, the soil is acidic. (2) using the modified Nemero index method, Ling mountain soil nutrient Hunan hill in Fujian Evaluation results show that, the region divided fertility coefficients and the whole category is under the highest organic matter, available phosphorus is lowest; fertility level pH value is moderate; and soil fertility are moderate. Reviews of fertility coefficient in different classification performance under the Jiangxi Fujian Mountainous Areas in the mountainous area of Xiangxi Hunan in the hilly mountainous area; with altitude, low altitude to higher altitude mountain Zhongshan level, fertility coefficient with organic matter, total nitrogen and soil fertility coefficient pH value were increased; different forest types, fertility coefficient for bamboo forest shrub broad-leaved coniferous forest coniferous forest and natural forest; comparison under the artificial forest results, in addition to the content of available phosphorus, soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, soil fertility coefficient K and soil pH value and fertility coefficient is lower than natural forest plantation (3) on the soil. Study on spatial variability of soil nutrients showed that the coefficient of variation of all the Hunan Jiangxi Fujian branch in hilly area and each category is under the highest available phosphorus, mostly showed strong variability; pH is the lowest, mostly showed weak variation. With the increase from the hills to the low mountain to Zhongshan level, the variation coefficient of organic matter with the pH value decreases; the variation coefficient of total nitrogen and rapidly available phosphorus and soil comprehensive variability coefficient increasing. In the classification of the different categories of Southern Hills after the comprehensive variability coefficient of soil comprehensive coefficient of variation of each classification category are less than the region, describe the spatial variability of the scale dependent. Packet classification analysis of samples, the spatial variability of the appropriate scale can reduce the decrease of soil nutrients. (4) will be combined with the coefficient of variation and the integrated fertility index, in different classification, Jiangxi and Fujian The mountain has low nutrient variability and fertility of the highest coefficient, from the two aspects of nutrient and nutrient stability show that the comprehensive advantages of soil fertility in Jiangxi Fujian Mountainous Areas. More of the advantages of different forest types classification, coniferous forests not only have the spatial variability of the highest, and the lowest fertility coefficient, showing the most the soil fertility disadvantage; fertility coefficient of broad-leaved forest has the lowest nutrient variability and high soil fertility conditions, have more advantages. Soil fertility than natural forest plantations have lower spatial variability and higher soil nutrient status, there are more advantages, have a greater potential to maintain the soil self fertilization capacity. (5) the normality test of soil properties and environmental factors by K-S classical statistical analysis, the results show that: 1) shows the Pearson correlation coefficient. The organic matter in the region, total nitrogen and pH value and there was a positive correlation between the altitude and average temperature, and showed a negative correlation between.2) on climate, environment parameters of three aspects of geography and vegetation classification classification, variance analysis can show the impact of environmental parameter in different grades of soil the nutrient content caused by the existence of significant differences.3) analysis shows that the stepwise multiple linear regression, the nutrient content of organic matter and total nitrogen, altitude and average temperature is the decisive environmental impact factors, the influence of altitude on its contents were positively correlated, negatively related to the effect of temperature on the content of the pH value; the average temperature only, can enter the linear regression model can explain the variation of pH value ratio of 22.90%.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S714.8

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