本文選題：綠蘿　切入點(diǎn)：鉛　出處：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近幾年來,由于重金屬污染日益嚴(yán)重,探索更有效、更環(huán)保的措施治理重金屬污染是勢(shì)在必行的,而植物修復(fù)技術(shù)正在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域逐漸嶄露頭角,以其環(huán)保、低成本的特性逐漸成為治污領(lǐng)域的熱門。綠蘿作為優(yōu)良的觀葉植物,可以用于園林、景觀綠化等,但目前關(guān)于綠蘿對(duì)重金屬耐受性方面的研究鮮見報(bào)道。本研究以綠蘿為材料,利用水培法初步探究了綠蘿在低、高濃度的鉛(Pb)鎘(Cd)24h和20d脅迫下的響應(yīng)特征,以了解綠蘿對(duì)重金屬鉛和鎘的耐受性、富集作用和相關(guān)理化特征；為綠蘿用于受重金屬鉛、鎘污染土壤及水體的恢復(fù)提供理論和實(shí)踐依據(jù)。本研究的主要結(jié)果如下：(1)綠蘿在含有不同濃度pb2+、Cd2+的培養(yǎng)液中短期脅迫24小時(shí)后,研究表明隨著pb2+、Cd2+處理濃度的增加,綠蘿根部富集鉛、鎘的含量也隨之增加；低濃度的pb2+對(duì)根尖的伸長(zhǎng)有促進(jìn)作用,高濃度有抑制作用；而Cd2+無論低濃度還是高濃度均對(duì)根部伸長(zhǎng)有顯著的抑制作用；根中MDA含量均隨著pb2+、Cd2+脅迫濃度的提高而增加。同時(shí),隨著鉛、鎘處理濃度的提高,根部超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過氧化氫酶(CAT)和過氧化物酶(POD)活性均呈逐漸增大的趨勢(shì)。結(jié)果表明綠蘿根部通過提高SOD、CAT、POD活性來保護(hù)其膜質(zhì)過氧化損傷。(2)外源添加鈣處理在高濃度pb2+、高濃度Cd2+ 24h脅迫下的綠蘿,與未加鈣的鉛、鎘脅迫組相比,根部富集鉛、鎘的含量明顯低于未加鈣的鉛、鎘脅迫組；根部伸長(zhǎng)量明顯高于未加鈣的鉛、鎘脅迫組；MDA含量、SOD、CAT、POD活性均低于未加鈣的鉛、鎘脅迫組。結(jié)果表明外源添加鈣對(duì)高濃度pb2+、高濃度Cd2+所導(dǎo)致的毒性效應(yīng)有緩解作用。(3)將綠蘿培養(yǎng)在含有不同濃度pb2+、Cd2+的培養(yǎng)液中20天后,均表現(xiàn)為根部積累的鉛、鎘含量最多,莖次之,葉最低,其中根中積累的鉛、鎘含量與莖、葉中差異顯著。同時(shí),在對(duì)綠蘿根、莖、葉中金屬硫蛋白(MT)含量的分析中,發(fā)現(xiàn)在pb2+、Cd2+脅迫下根中MT含量最高,葉中次之,莖中最低；并且隨著鉛、鎘處理濃度的升高,根、莖、葉中MT含量均呈現(xiàn)先迅速上升后下降再緩慢上升的趨勢(shì)。結(jié)果表明植物體內(nèi)的鉛、鎘誘導(dǎo)了植物體內(nèi)MT的合成,用于絡(luò)合金屬離子,緩解高濃度pb2+、Cd2+所導(dǎo)致的毒害效應(yīng)。在對(duì)葉片葉綠素含量的分析中,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著鉛、鎘處理濃度的提高,葉綠素含量均呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, because heavy metal pollution is becoming increasingly serious, it is imperative to explore more effective and more environmentally friendly measures to control heavy metal pollution, and plant restoration technology is gradually emerging in this field to protect the environment. The characteristic of low cost has gradually become a hot spot in the field of pollution control. As an excellent foliage plant, green apple can be used in gardens and landscape greening, but there are few reports on the tolerance of green apple to heavy metals. In order to understand the tolerance, enrichment and physical and chemical characteristics of heavy metal lead and cadmium, the response characteristics of green apple under low and high concentration of lead (Pb) CD (CD) and CD (CD) for 24 and 20 days were preliminarily studied by water culture. The main results of this study were as follows: 1) the main results of this study were as follows: 1) the main results of this study were as follows: after 24 hours of medium and short term stress with different concentrations of pb2 and CD _ 2, the results showed that the concentration of CD _ 2 was increased with the increase of pb2 ~ (2 +). Low concentration of pb2 could promote the elongation of root tip and high concentration of Cd2 could inhibit root elongation. The content of MDA in root increased with the increase of pb2 CD 2 stress concentration, and with the increase of lead and cadmium concentration. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (catalase) and peroxidase (POD) in root increased gradually. The results showed that the root of green apple could protect its membrane substance from peroxidation damage by increasing the activity of SOD- Cat. 2) the treatment of exogenous calcium was at high concentration of pb2. Under high concentration of Cd2 for 24 hours, compared with the lead without calcium and cadmium stress, the root was enriched in lead, the content of cadmium was significantly lower than that of the group without calcium, and the elongation of root was significantly higher than that of the group without calcium. The activity of pb2 in cadmium stress group was lower than that in lead group without calcium. The results showed that exogenous calcium supplementation had significant effect on high concentration of pb2. The toxic effect caused by high concentration of Cd2 was alleviated. (3) after 20 days of culture with different concentrations of pb2, CD _ 2, the content of cadmium was the highest in root, followed by stem and leaf, among which lead accumulated in root was the lowest. At the same time, in the analysis of the content of metallothionein in root, stem and leaf, it was found that the content of MT was the highest in root under pb2 + CD _ 2 stress, followed by the second in leaf and the lowest in stem, and along with lead, the content of metallothionein in root was the highest in root, and the lowest in stem under pb2 + CD _ 2 stress. The content of MT in roots, stems and leaves increased rapidly and then decreased slowly with the increase of cadmium concentration. The results showed that lead and cadmium induced the synthesis of MT in plants, which were used to complexate metal ions. In the analysis of chlorophyll content in leaves, it was found that chlorophyll content increased first and then decreased with the increase of Pb and CD concentration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X173

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