本文選題：斑布蚋　切入點(diǎn)：發(fā)生規(guī)律　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：斑布蚋Simulium(Byssodon)maculatum(Meigen,1804)是世界性分布的醫(yī)學(xué)昆蟲的一個(gè)重要昆蟲,它可以傳播多種疾病,對(duì)居民生活造成許多困擾,被認(rèn)為是新疆額爾齊斯河流域的主要害蟲。本文主要研究了新疆額爾齊斯河流域下游地區(qū)斑布蚋的越冬地點(diǎn)和蟲態(tài),三種捕蟲方法對(duì)斑布蚋成蟲的捕蟲效果,種群晝夜消長(zhǎng)規(guī)律,年生活史及種群季節(jié)消長(zhǎng)規(guī)律,及幼蟲孳生地景觀因子關(guān)鍵要素分析。其主要結(jié)果如下:1.斑布蚋在新疆額爾齊斯河流域下游185團(tuán)地區(qū)以幼蟲在河渠污泥中越冬,于翌年4月陸續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)移至雜草枝葉背面。2.三種捕蟲方法對(duì)斑布蚋的捕蟲效果:185團(tuán)地區(qū)三種捕蟲方法對(duì)蚋蟲的捕捉效果差異顯著,網(wǎng)捕法的捕蟲效果最好,人帳法次之,燈誘法最差。3.斑布蚋種群晝夜消長(zhǎng)動(dòng)態(tài):185團(tuán)地區(qū)斑布蚋在3種不同生境中晝夜消長(zhǎng)密度有所差異,林區(qū)密度最高,農(nóng)田和荒漠區(qū)密度較。其消長(zhǎng)曲線24小時(shí)變化規(guī)律相似,日出時(shí)至日落后1小時(shí)是其主要活動(dòng)時(shí)間。4.斑布蚋年生活史種群季節(jié)消長(zhǎng)動(dòng)態(tài):185團(tuán)地區(qū)斑布蚋成蟲不易區(qū)分代數(shù),除越冬代成蟲發(fā)生量大且集中外,其后各世代重疊嚴(yán)重。6月上旬至7月中旬為第一代成蟲發(fā)生期,7月上旬至8月下旬為第二代成蟲發(fā)生期,10月上旬氣溫大幅度下降,幼蟲開始越冬。5.孳生地景觀因子關(guān)鍵要素分析:通過對(duì)新疆額爾齊斯河流域下游斑布蚋孳生地調(diào)查,該蟲在額河下游地區(qū)均有分布,尤以185團(tuán)地區(qū)危害嚴(yán)重,對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦恼Ｉ钤斐闪死_。斑布蚋在185團(tuán)地區(qū)孳生地多集中在在高海拔地區(qū)的流速較大、溶氧量高、偏堿性河渠中。斑布蚋在額河流域下游其他地區(qū)對(duì)孳生地的要求與185團(tuán)略有不同,除流速、溶氧量和pH值要素外,對(duì)河渠深度和水流溫度也有要求。本研究表明斑布蚋在額河流域下游其他地區(qū)偏好河渠較淺、水流溫度較低的孳生地。同時(shí)本研究利用關(guān)鍵景觀因子建立185團(tuán)孳生地蟲源數(shù)量預(yù)測(cè)方程,取得了理想效果。
[Abstract]:Simulium Byssodon maculatum Meigenn (1804) is an important insect of medical insects in the world. It can spread many diseases and cause many troubles to the people's life. It is considered to be the main pest in Erqis River basin of Xinjiang. This paper mainly studies the overwintering location and insect pattern of blackflies in the lower reaches of Erqis River basin in Xinjiang, and the effect of three kinds of insect catching methods on adult blackflies in Xinjiang. The law of population growth and fluctuation, the annual life cycle and the seasonal growth and decline of the population, The main results are as follows: 1.The main results are as follows: 1. The larvae overwintering in the sludge of the canal in 185 regiment areas of the lower reaches of Ertix River Basin, Xinjiang, China. On April of the following year, they were transferred to the back of weed branches and leaves. 2. The effect of the three methods on catching blackflies in the area of: 185 regiment was significantly different, the net method was the best, and the human account method was the second. The density of blackflies in three different habitats is different, the density of forest area is the highest, the density of farmland and desert area is higher, and the variation law of 24 hours curve of growth and decline curve is similar. The main activity time is 1 hour after sunrise to sunset. The seasonal fluctuation of the life cycle population of Simulium verticillata is not easy to distinguish algebra, except for the overwintering adults, which are not easy to distinguish algebra, except for the overwintering generation. The first generation of adults occurred from early June to middle of July and the second generation from early July to early July. Analysis of the key elements of Landscape factors in breeding areas: through investigation of the breeding areas in the lower reaches of Erqis River, Xinjiang, the insects are all distributed in the lower reaches of the frontal River, especially in the 185 regiment areas. In the 185 regiment area, most of the breeding ground is concentrated in the high altitude area, the velocity of velocity is higher, the dissolved oxygen quantity is high, In the alkaline channel, the requirements of the breeding ground in other areas of the lower reaches of the frontal River Basin are slightly different from those of the 185 regiment, except for the factors of velocity, dissolved oxygen and pH value. There are also requirements for channel depth and flow temperature. This study shows that the Simulium gnats prefer shallow channel in other areas of the lower reaches of the Yellow River basin. At the same time, the key landscape factors were used to establish the prediction equation of the source number of 185 breeding ground insects, and the ideal results were obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：Q968.1

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本文編號(hào)：1561125