本文關(guān)鍵詞：市域尺度土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量評價與空間分異研究　出處：《河南理工大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量 空間分異 主控因子 管護(hù)分區(qū) 焦作市

【摘要】：土地作為社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的核心要素,其數(shù)量、質(zhì)量和生態(tài)狀況對人類生存和發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。地市級國土部門作為國家實現(xiàn)土地數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、生態(tài)綜合管控的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),承擔(dān)著落實細(xì)化國家、省市宏觀戰(zhàn)略部署,指導(dǎo)調(diào)控縣市國土部門加強(qiáng)土地管控的重要職責(zé)。因此,在市域尺度對土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量開展系統(tǒng)評價和空間分異研究,為改善土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量,加快生態(tài)文明社會建設(shè)提供支撐,已成為當(dāng)前亟待解決的科學(xué)問題。本文面向地市級國土部門提升土地綜合管控能力需求,以焦作市域為研究區(qū),構(gòu)建了市域尺度下基于改進(jìn)理想點的土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量評價模型,研究了土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量空間分異及其主控因子分析方法,提出了土地生態(tài)管護(hù)分區(qū)技術(shù)及調(diào)控對策。主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)從土地生態(tài)本底、脅迫、結(jié)構(gòu)、效益四方面構(gòu)建了市域尺度下土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量狀況評價指標(biāo)體系。遵循綜合性和差異性等原則,面向地市級國土管理部門土地生態(tài)建設(shè)與管控職責(zé)定位,基于人地協(xié)調(diào)理論、可持續(xù)發(fā)展和景觀生態(tài)學(xué)等理論,從準(zhǔn)則層和元指標(biāo)層兩方面建立評價指標(biāo)體系。(2)面向地市級國土管理部門土地生態(tài)建設(shè)與管控需求,構(gòu)建了基于改進(jìn)理想點的市域尺度土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量評價模型。以村級行政區(qū)為評價單元,引入理想點模型,并從數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、最優(yōu)組合賦權(quán)重、虛擬最劣解三個方面進(jìn)行改進(jìn),建立了土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量評價模型,提出了基于自然斷裂點法的土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量分級方法,評價結(jié)果更加科學(xué)、明晰。(3)提出了市域尺度土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量空間分異及其主控因子識別方法。引入空間自相關(guān)思想,提出了基于熱點分析理論數(shù)學(xué)模型的質(zhì)量空間分異方法,以各影響因子屬性值的“中心”(高值集聚)和“洼地”(低值集聚)來揭示要素的空間集聚和分異程度;利用決策樹CART算法和主成分分析模型,建立了全域分異和各分異類型區(qū)的土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量空間分異主控因子識別方法并進(jìn)行了應(yīng)用。(4)建立了基于聚類分析模型的土地生態(tài)管護(hù)分區(qū)方法。從土地生態(tài)影響因子、景觀生態(tài)、規(guī)劃空間管制等方面建立土地生態(tài)管護(hù)分區(qū)指標(biāo)體系,利用歐氏距離法、類平均法對分區(qū)單元的相似性程度進(jìn)行分析和單元聚類歸并,提出了基于SPSS和GIS技術(shù)的聚類分區(qū)模型,實現(xiàn)了土地生態(tài)管護(hù)的分區(qū)。(5)運(yùn)用建立的土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量評價模型、空間分異方法、管護(hù)分區(qū)技術(shù)對焦作市土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量狀況和空間分異特征進(jìn)行了研究。研究表明,全市土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量呈現(xiàn)出中部差,南部及北部較好的空間特征;土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量呈現(xiàn)出“核心一邊緣”結(jié)構(gòu)的空間分異特征,即由城鎮(zhèn)向遠(yuǎn)郊呈上升趨勢,而由水庫、河流、風(fēng)景區(qū)向城區(qū)呈下降趨勢,局部區(qū)域呈現(xiàn)點狀或面狀或條帶狀聚集特征;生態(tài)服務(wù)價值、NPP、人口密度、林網(wǎng)密度、水面比例等是引起市域土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量空間分異的主控因子,但不同生態(tài)空間分異類型區(qū)主控因子各有差異;全市土地生態(tài)管護(hù)分區(qū)分為太行山地、城鄉(xiāng)一體化、平原、小城鎮(zhèn)、沿黃土地生態(tài)涵養(yǎng)等五個土地生態(tài)管護(hù)區(qū),分區(qū)提出了相應(yīng)的土地生態(tài)管護(hù)調(diào)控對等建議。
[Abstract]:The land as the core elements of the social and economic development, the quantity, quality and ecological conditions is vital to human survival and development. The land sector as a national implementation of the land quantity, quality, key ecological comprehensive control, undertakes to refine the implementation of national macro strategic deployment, provinces, counties and land departments to strengthen guidance and control is an important duty of land management and control. Therefore, the city scale of land ecological quality evaluation system and carry out the study on the spatial differentiation of land, in order to improve the ecological quality, accelerate the ecological civilization construction to provide support, has become an urgent issue. The municipal land department for land comprehensive control lifting capacity requirements, taking Jiaozuo city as the study area, improvement land ecological quality evaluation model based on ideal point is constructed under the city scale, the spatial differentiation of land ecological quality and its main control The method of factor analysis, this paper put forward the land ecological protection and control measures of partition technology. The main contents are as follows: (1) from the land ecological background, stress, structure, benefit four aspects to construct the land ecological quality evaluation index system of city scale. According to comprehensive and difference principle, for the land management department of land ecological construction and management responsibilities, to coordinate based on the theory of sustainable development and landscape ecology theory, from the rule layer and index layer two yuan to establish the evaluation indicators system. (2) the Municipal Land Management Department of land ecological construction and management needs, improve the city scale construction land ecological quality evaluation model of ideal point based on the village level administrative area as the evaluation unit, the ideal point model, and from the data standardization, the optimal combination weights, the virtual optimal improvement in three aspects, the establishment of the Evaluation of land ecological quality model, put forward the classification method of land ecological quality of natural fracture point method based on the evaluation results more scientific and clear. (3) proposed to identify different methods and main factors of spatial scale of land ecological quality. The spatial autocorrelation thought, put forward the differentiation method of hot quality spatial analysis theory based on the mathematical model, the influence factor to the attribute value "center" (high concentration) and depression (low concentration) to reveal the elements of spatial agglomeration and differentiation; analysis model using CART decision tree algorithm and principal component, the establishment of a land ecological quality spatial differentiation and differentiation of the universe the identification of types of main control factor method is applied. (4) the establishment of a land ecological protection zoning model based on cluster analysis method. The effects of land ecological factors, landscape ecology, planning space control etc. The establishment of zoning index system of land ecological management, using the Euclidean distance method, average method of partition unit similarity analysis and cluster merging unit, proposed clustering model and SPSS based on GIS technology, the realization of land ecological protection and management zoning. (5) the use of the land ecological quality evaluation model, space differential protection method, partition technology of Jiaozuo city land ecological quality and spatial distribution are studied. The results show that the land ecological quality shows central difference, the southern and northern part of the space better characteristics; land ecological quality showing the differentiation characteristics of a core edge structure of the space, from the town to the suburbs is on the rise, and the reservoir, river, scenic area to the city declined, local area showed punctate or planar or banded aggregation characteristics; ecological service value, NPP, population density Of forest density, the water ratio is the primary factor causing the spatial domain of land ecological quality difference, but the difference in different types of ecological space of main controlling factors are different; the land ecological protection zoning is divided into Taihang Mountains, plains, integration of urban and rural areas, small towns, along the Loess Plateau ecological conservation five the land ecological protection zone, zoning proposed land ecological management and protection regulation of the corresponding equivalence.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F301.2;X826

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