時間認知模型視角下英漢時間方位隱喻的對比研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-17 18:17
【摘要】：時空關(guān)系是一個歷久彌新的話題。從哲學的角度來看，時間與空間相互依存，同為世界的基本組成元素；但是從認知的角度來看，時間與空間截然不同，并不享有同等認知地位，因為時間與空間的概念化過程并不是同時進行的，這反映了空間的認知基礎性。正如認知語言學家所指出的那樣，空間是人們的基礎體念，是感知其它概念，尤其是那些不可觸及的抽象概念的基礎（UngererSchmid,2003:258）。許多抽象概念的感知過程都離不開空間，時間概念也不例外。借助空間概念及其范疇來感知時間，實現(xiàn)了時間的空間隱喻化，時間方位隱喻正形成于此。 本研究以時間方位隱喻為重點研究內(nèi)容，借助時間認知模型，對英漢時間方位隱喻進行了較為系統(tǒng)的對比研究。本研究的英語語料選自小說、雜志、在線語料庫（BNC）,漢語語料選自中國當代文學作品和在線語料庫（CCL）。通過對語料進行定性分析，得出了以下主要結(jié)論：首先，根據(jù)時間方位隱喻的本質(zhì)及其語言特征，可以把時間方位隱喻進一步分為廣義時間方位隱喻和狹義時間方位隱喻兩種類型。就時間方位隱喻的本質(zhì)而言，廣義時間方位隱喻強調(diào)時間與時間觀察者之間在空間上的動態(tài)位移關(guān)系，而狹義時間方位隱喻則強調(diào)具體空間概念（如“遠近”、“長短”、“內(nèi)外”、“高低”、“深”等）向時間域的映射。就時間方位隱喻的語言特征而言，廣義時間方位隱喻主要以動詞為主，以表明時間及其觀察者之間的動態(tài)位移關(guān)系，而狹義時間方位隱喻的隱喻性則主要體現(xiàn)在具體空間概念所對應的形容詞上。其次，時間認知模型在促進時間概念化過程中發(fā)揮了重要的作用。盡管人們沒有意識到時間認知模型的存在，但是其重要性既不能被忽視也不能被削弱。時間認知模型具有文化特定性,從很大程度上說，英漢時間方位隱喻的異同之處等同于英漢時間認知模型的異同之處。再次，就廣義時間方位隱喻而言，英漢的共性表現(xiàn)在三種相同的時間認知模型，即時間在運動模型、自我在運動模型以及時間、自我均在運動模型；二者的差異性體現(xiàn)在觀察者的時間取向上：英語時間觀察者以面對未來的時間取向為主，而漢語時間觀察者則以面對過去的時間取向為主。就狹義時間方位隱喻而言，英漢的共性表現(xiàn)在“遠近”、“長短”、“內(nèi)外”以及“深”等空間概念可以映射到時間域，用于表征時間概念；二者的差異性體現(xiàn)在，英語空間概念詞“HIGH/LOW”可以用于表征時間，而漢語的“上下”可以表征時間的早晚。 本研究既具備一定的理論價值，也具有一定的應用價值。理論方面，本研究深化并豐富了時間方位隱喻研究，使相關(guān)研究更加系統(tǒng)。應用方面，本研究對英語教學有一定的啟示意義。教學過程中向?qū)W生介紹時間認知模型，有助于他們更好地理解時間的概念化過程，，進而提高運用時間方位隱喻的能力。
[Abstract]:The relationship between time and space is a new topic for a long time. From the philosophical point of view, time and space depend on each other and are the basic elements of the world; However, from the perspective of cognition, time and space are different from each other and do not enjoy the same cognitive status, because the conceptualization of time and space is not carried out at the same time, which reflects the cognitive basis of space. As the cognitive linguists have pointed out, space is the basic idea of human beings, the basis of perception of other concepts, especially those untouchable abstract concepts (UngererSchmid,2003:258). The perceptual process of many abstract concepts is inseparable from space, and the concept of time is no exception. With the help of the concept of space and its category, the metaphorical space of time is realized, and the metaphor of time orientation is being formed here. This study focuses on time-orientation metaphor and makes a systematic contrastive study of time-orientation metaphor in English and Chinese with the aid of time cognitive model. The English corpus of this study is selected from novels, magazines, online corpus (BNC), Chinese corpus selected from Chinese contemporary literature and online corpus (CCL). Through qualitative analysis of the corpus, the following conclusions are drawn: firstly, according to the nature of the metaphor of time and orientation and its linguistic characteristics, Time-orientation metaphor can be further divided into two types: generalized time-orientation metaphor and narrow-sense time-orientation metaphor. As far as the essence of time-orientation metaphor is concerned, the generalized time-orientation metaphor emphasizes the spatial dynamic displacement relationship between time and time observer, while the narrow-sense time-orientation metaphor emphasizes specific spatial concepts (such as "distance" and "length"). The mapping of "inside and outside", "high and low", "deep", etc.) to the time domain. As far as the linguistic features of the time-orientation metaphor are concerned, the generalized time-orientation metaphor is dominated by verbs to indicate the dynamic displacement relationship between time and its observers. The metaphor of time and orientation in the narrow sense is mainly embodied in the adjectives corresponding to the concept of concrete space. Secondly, time cognitive model plays an important role in promoting the conceptualization of time. Although people are not aware of the existence of the time cognitive model, its importance cannot be ignored or weakened. The temporal cognitive model is culturally specific. To a large extent, the similarities and differences of time and orientation metaphors in English and Chinese are the same as those in English and Chinese time cognitive models. Thirdly, as far as generalized time-orientation metaphor is concerned, the commonality of English and Chinese is expressed in three kinds of time cognitive models, that is, time in motion model, self in motion model and time in motion model, and self in motion model; The difference between them is reflected in the observer's time orientation: the English time observer mainly faces the future time orientation, while the Chinese time observer mainly faces the past time orientation. As far as the narrow-sense metaphor of time and orientation is concerned, the similarities between English and Chinese can be expressed in such spatial concepts as "distance", "length", "inside and outside" and "depth", which can be mapped to the time domain and used to represent the concept of time. The difference between them is that the English spatial concept word "HIGH/LOW" can be used to represent time, while the Chinese word "upper and lower" can represent the time sooner or later. This research not only has certain theoretical value, but also has certain application value. Theoretically, this study deepens and enriches the metaphorical study of time and orientation, and makes the related research more systematic. In terms of application, this study has some implications for English teaching. Introducing the time cognitive model to the students in the teaching process will help them to better understand the conceptualization process of time and then improve their ability to use the metaphor of time orientation.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H315;H15
本文編號：2459675
[Abstract]:The relationship between time and space is a new topic for a long time. From the philosophical point of view, time and space depend on each other and are the basic elements of the world; However, from the perspective of cognition, time and space are different from each other and do not enjoy the same cognitive status, because the conceptualization of time and space is not carried out at the same time, which reflects the cognitive basis of space. As the cognitive linguists have pointed out, space is the basic idea of human beings, the basis of perception of other concepts, especially those untouchable abstract concepts (UngererSchmid,2003:258). The perceptual process of many abstract concepts is inseparable from space, and the concept of time is no exception. With the help of the concept of space and its category, the metaphorical space of time is realized, and the metaphor of time orientation is being formed here. This study focuses on time-orientation metaphor and makes a systematic contrastive study of time-orientation metaphor in English and Chinese with the aid of time cognitive model. The English corpus of this study is selected from novels, magazines, online corpus (BNC), Chinese corpus selected from Chinese contemporary literature and online corpus (CCL). Through qualitative analysis of the corpus, the following conclusions are drawn: firstly, according to the nature of the metaphor of time and orientation and its linguistic characteristics, Time-orientation metaphor can be further divided into two types: generalized time-orientation metaphor and narrow-sense time-orientation metaphor. As far as the essence of time-orientation metaphor is concerned, the generalized time-orientation metaphor emphasizes the spatial dynamic displacement relationship between time and time observer, while the narrow-sense time-orientation metaphor emphasizes specific spatial concepts (such as "distance" and "length"). The mapping of "inside and outside", "high and low", "deep", etc.) to the time domain. As far as the linguistic features of the time-orientation metaphor are concerned, the generalized time-orientation metaphor is dominated by verbs to indicate the dynamic displacement relationship between time and its observers. The metaphor of time and orientation in the narrow sense is mainly embodied in the adjectives corresponding to the concept of concrete space. Secondly, time cognitive model plays an important role in promoting the conceptualization of time. Although people are not aware of the existence of the time cognitive model, its importance cannot be ignored or weakened. The temporal cognitive model is culturally specific. To a large extent, the similarities and differences of time and orientation metaphors in English and Chinese are the same as those in English and Chinese time cognitive models. Thirdly, as far as generalized time-orientation metaphor is concerned, the commonality of English and Chinese is expressed in three kinds of time cognitive models, that is, time in motion model, self in motion model and time in motion model, and self in motion model; The difference between them is reflected in the observer's time orientation: the English time observer mainly faces the future time orientation, while the Chinese time observer mainly faces the past time orientation. As far as the narrow-sense metaphor of time and orientation is concerned, the similarities between English and Chinese can be expressed in such spatial concepts as "distance", "length", "inside and outside" and "depth", which can be mapped to the time domain and used to represent the concept of time. The difference between them is that the English spatial concept word "HIGH/LOW" can be used to represent time, while the Chinese word "upper and lower" can represent the time sooner or later. This research not only has certain theoretical value, but also has certain application value. Theoretically, this study deepens and enriches the metaphorical study of time and orientation, and makes the related research more systematic. In terms of application, this study has some implications for English teaching. Introducing the time cognitive model to the students in the teaching process will help them to better understand the conceptualization process of time and then improve their ability to use the metaphor of time orientation.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H315;H15
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本文編號：2459675
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