本文選題：增量 + 減量　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：量范疇研究是近年來漢語語法研究的一個熱點。通過對以往研究的總結(jié)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)以往對增量、減量的討論不多，而且對某些格式的增量減量的判斷結(jié)果會略有差異，究其原因是并未對增量、減量做出明確的界定。因而我們覺得作為量范疇的次類范疇——增量、減量是亟待深入探討的課題。 全文共分6章。 第1章是緒論。從提出具體問題入手，主要介紹了研究對象、研究意義、研究內(nèi)容及章節(jié)安排、背景理論與研究方法、量范疇研究綜述、語料來源與符號說明等。 第2章是理論構(gòu)建部分。 首先在綜述前人涉及到的增量減量的研究基礎(chǔ)上，借鑒各學(xué)科的整合概念及語言學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的構(gòu)式整合概念，提出“量的整合”概念。指出量的整合具備三個基本要素：參與項、過程、結(jié)果。參與項是蘊含量性特征的語言元素，包括實體、算子和組織形式。算子和關(guān)系賦予算法，表明實體之間的關(guān)系；實體參與計算，直接負(fù)載量的意義。量整合的過程是一個結(jié)構(gòu)體聯(lián)合、功能相協(xié)作、因素互調(diào)整的過程，包括量類的整合與量值的整合。 其次，指出語言中的增量、減量需要從計量基點、計量層次、計量方向、計量長度、計量值域等幾方面加以界定。構(gòu)建了判定增量、減量的意義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的理論模型。討論了判定增量減量的形式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：從量的算子看，一般具有表小意義、低量意義、否定意義、限定意義的算子可以看成減量標(biāo)志，而具有表大意義、高量意義、肯定意義的算子可以看成增量標(biāo)志；從量的組織形式看，排比、對舉、遞進、重復(fù)、語序?qū)φ{(diào)等組織形式都可能造成增量。 最后，討論了增量減量與大量小量的關(guān)系。指出增量、減量是量的生成，量的計算過程，是受說話人意圖驅(qū)動的，是動態(tài)的；大量、小量是量的取值，是量值結(jié)果，是靜態(tài)的。從增量減量所造成的結(jié)果的角度看，增量減量與大量小量之間并不存在對應(yīng)關(guān)系。 第3章至第5章是個案研究部分。 第3章“小+謂詞性X”結(jié)構(gòu)的量性考察。 首先按照謂詞性X的不同以及格式出現(xiàn)早晚對“小+謂詞性X”進行分類：傳統(tǒng)用法小+V單、小V1小V2、小+有+N，以及新興用法小+V雙、小+A。指出小F+V雙、小F+A組合是受到形容詞性“小”組合模式“小A+N/A”的類推影響，而其結(jié)構(gòu)體的語法功能又類推了“小F+V單”的語法功能。 其次討論了“小”的性質(zhì)及詞類歸屬，認(rèn)為格式中的“小”雖然是程度副詞，但仍處于進一步虛化的階段，在某些小類用法中已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出了一定的情態(tài)評注功能。 再次，，分析了“小+謂詞性X”系列格式的主觀性差別及量的整合問題。指出“小+V”屬于相對客觀的表達(dá)，當(dāng)V為單音節(jié)言談類動詞時，“小+V”具有較強的主觀性，同時具有交互主觀性作用；“小V1小V2”的計量基點在“小V”的量，因此受到框架疊加的影響“小V1小V2”表達(dá)的是正值負(fù)向增量，具有一定的主觀性；“小+有+N”主觀性高，側(cè)重于元語減量，其中“小+有+褒義N”的量值結(jié)果仍浮動在相對客觀大量區(qū)間，“小+有+貶義N”的量值浮動在相對小量區(qū)間�！靶�+A”中，A既可以是性質(zhì)形容詞，也可以是狀態(tài)形容詞，這種組合形式受到說話人語用表達(dá)需求的驅(qū)動，其主觀性程度最高，整合后的量值區(qū)間最不穩(wěn)定，可以趨大可以趨小。 第4章“沒A沒B”格式的量性考察。 首先探討了格式中“沒”的性質(zhì)，認(rèn)為進入格式的成分大部分是壓縮得來的，很多謂詞性成分都可還原成名詞，具有強烈的指稱性功能，“沒”傾向于看成動詞。 其次，指出框架“沒……沒……”具有形式填充及壓縮作用，由于A、B可以來源于不同詞語的壓縮，因而“沒A沒B”具有語義歧解性，需在具體語境中消除�？蚣艿牧啃宰饔迷谟谪�(fù)向增量。 再次，根據(jù)A、B的語義關(guān)系區(qū)分出“沒A沒B”內(nèi)部成員的表量特征：當(dāng)A、B為同義或近義關(guān)系時，整個格式的量是程度增量；A、B為類義關(guān)系時，整個格式的量是范圍或?qū)蛹壴隽�；A、B為反義關(guān)系時，整個格式的量又分為兩種情況：表示“既沒A、也沒B，非此非彼”的意義時整個格式的量表現(xiàn)為中和語用增量；表示“不區(qū)分，不區(qū)別”意義時整個格式的量是異態(tài)偏向增量。文章還嘗試對各類型的量值結(jié)果進行了形式化總結(jié)。 第5章“有點+太+A”格式的量性考察。 首先將量整合的參與項區(qū)分為減量算子“有點”和表超量的實體“太+A”。 其次，根據(jù)A構(gòu)成成員的不同，探討了“有點”與“太+A”在量類及量值方面的整合。指出“太+A中性義”表客觀超量時，“有點”是對其客觀超量的減量，是客觀世界量層面的減量；“太+A中性義”表主觀超量時，有點”對它的減量是介于語言本身量層面和客觀世界量層面之間的減量；當(dāng)“太+A褒”為積極超量時，“有點”的減量作用介于語言本身量層面和客觀世界量層面之間，當(dāng)“太+A褒”為消極超量時，“有點”的減量作用處于語言本身量層面；“太+A貶”的超量是消極量，“有點”的減量作用處于語言本身量層面，屬于純粹的元語言減量。經(jīng)過“有點”減量的作用，無論“太+A”是客觀量還是積極量，其結(jié)果量值都浮動于高量值區(qū)間，而對于消極量來說，其結(jié)果量值不變，仍屬極量區(qū)域。 最后，探討了與“有點+太+A”類似的其他程度副詞與“有點”結(jié)合的情況，指出在雙程度詞組合中“有點”的計量層次由客觀世界量層次發(fā)展到語言本身量層次，并從共時角度粗略地歸納了從詞組“有一點”到副詞“有點”的計量層次的虛化遷移路徑。 第6章總結(jié)了全文在前人的基礎(chǔ)上做了哪些工作，得出哪些基本結(jié)論，有哪些創(chuàng)新及不足，指出了今后需要深入研究的問題。
[Abstract]:The research of quantity category is one of the hot topics in Chinese grammar research in recent years . Through summing up previous studies , we find that there is little discussion on increment and decrement , and there is a slight difference in the judgment result of increment decrement in some formats .
The full text is divided into six chapters .
Chapter 1 is an introduction . Starting with the specific problems , this paper mainly introduces the research object , the research significance , the research content and the chapter arrangement , the background theory and the research method , the research overview of quantity category , the source of corpus and the description of symbols .
Chapter 2 is a theoretical construct .
On the basis of summarizing the research on the increment decrement involved in the former , the concept of " quantity integration " is put forward by reference to the integration concept of each discipline and the structure - based integration concept in the field of linguistics . It is pointed out that the integration of quantity has three basic elements : participation item , process and result .
The process of integration of quantity is a process of joint , function and mutual adjustment of structure , including the integration of quantity class and quantity value .
Secondly , it is pointed out that the increment and decrement of the language need to be defined from several aspects such as the measurement base point , the measurement level , the measurement direction , the measurement length , the measurement range and so on .
In terms of the organization form of quantity , the organization forms such as the rejection , the lifting , the repetition , the tone of the order , etc . may cause the increment .
Finally , we discuss the relationship between incremental decrement and large amount of small quantity . It is pointed out that increment , decrement is the generation of quantity , the calculation process of quantity , is driven by the speaker ' s intention , is dynamic ;
A large quantity , small quantity is the value of quantity , is the measure result , is static . From the point of view of the result caused by the increment decrement , there is no corresponding relation between the increment decrement and the large amount of small amount .
Chapters 3 to 5 are case studies .
Chapter 3 : The quantitative investigation of the structure of " small + predicate X " .
Firstly , we classify the " small + predicate X " according to the difference of predicate X and its format : the traditional usage is small + V , the small V1 is V2 , the small + has + N , and the new usage is small + V double , small + A . It is pointed out that the small F + V dual , small F + A combination is influenced by the analogy of adjective " small " combined mode " small A + N / A " , and the grammatical function of its structure is similar to the grammatical function of " small F + V " .
Secondly , we discuss the nature of " small " and the attribution of words , think that " small " in the form is an auxiliary word of degree , but it is still in the stage of further blurring , which has shown a certain modal commentary function in some small - class usage .
Thirdly , we analyze the subjective difference and the integration of the format of " small + predicate X " series . It is pointed out that " small + V " is a relatively objective expression . When V is a single - syllable talking class verb , " small + V " has strong subjectivity , and has interactive subjectivity ;
The measurement base point of " small V1 small V2 " is in the quantity of " small V " , so the influence of the frame superimposition " small V1 small V2 " is positive and negative increment , which has certain subjectivity ;
" Small + has + N " subjectivity is high , focusing on the amount of meta - language , where " small + has + praise N " value is still floating in the relatively objective large interval , " small + has + demeaning N " value floating in the relative small amount interval . " Small + A " , A can be both a character adjective and a state adjective , this combination form is driven by the speaker ' s pragmatic expression demand , its subjective degree is highest , the integrated value interval is the most unstable , can become small .
Chapter 4 The amount of " No A No . B " format is investigated .
First , the nature of " no " in the format is discussed . It is believed that most of the components of the incoming format are compressed , and many predicate components can be reduced to nouns .
Secondly , it is pointed out that the frame " no . . " has the form of filling and compression , because A , B can be derived from the compression of different words , so " no A - B " has semantic ambiguity and needs to be eliminated in the concrete context .
Thirdly , according to the semantic relations of A and B , the table quantity characteristics of " A - B " internal members are distinguished : when A and B are synonymous or near - sense relationships , the amount of the entire format is the degree increment ;
When A , B is a class - defined relationship , the amount of the entire format is a range or a hierarchical increment ;
When A and B are antisense , the amount of the whole format is divided into two situations : " neither A nor B , but not " the whole format is expressed as medium and pragmatic increment ;
This paper also attempts to make a formal summary of the results of each type of measure .
In chapter 5 , " A little + too + A " format is examined in an amount .
First , the integration of the participating items is divided into the entity that the decrement operator is " a little " and the table superscalar " is too + A " .
Secondly , the integration of " a little " and " too + A " in quantity and quantity is discussed according to the composition of A .
When the subjective excess of the " Too + A Neutral " table , the amount of decrement is between the level of language itself and the objective world level ;
When " too + A - B " is positive , the amount of " a little " is between the level of language itself and the level of objective world . When " too + A - B " is negative , the amount of " a little " is at the level of language itself .
The amount of " Tai + A " is a negative quantity , and the amount of " a little " is at the level of language itself , and belongs to a pure amount of meta - language . After a " a little " amount of decrement , whether " too + A " is an objective quantity or a positive quantity , the result value is floating in the high - value interval , whereas for the negative quantity , the magnitude of the result remains unchanged , and still belongs to the polar region .
In the end , the author discusses the situation of " a little " combination with " a little + too + A " , and points out that the measurement level of " a little " in the double word combination is developed from the objective world level to the level of the language itself , and the virtual migration path from " one point " to " a little " in the word group is summed up from the common time angle .
Chapter 6 summarizes the work done on the basis of the former , and draws some basic conclusions , some innovations and shortcomings , and points out the problems that need to be further studied in the future .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 潘峰;余方梅;;談漢語的基本量范疇及其區(qū)分的意義[J];黃岡師范學(xué)院學(xué)報;2014年01期

2 王倩;;“有點+太+A”構(gòu)式的量——兼論“有點”計量層次的遷移[J];世界漢語教學(xué);2013年03期

3 潘峰;余方梅;;漢語的基本量范疇及下位范疇[J];語文教學(xué)與研究;2013年32期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 雷雨蕓;現(xiàn)代漢語否定的主觀量研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2013年

本文編號：1842610