本文選題：海外華語 + “有”字句　； 參考：《南京大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為現(xiàn)代漢語的域外變體,馬來西亞華語在許多方面都有別于標準普通話。本論文以馬來西亞華語語法為研究對象,被研究的四類句型是“有”字句、“把”字句、“被”句以及差比句。 本論文通過問卷調(diào)查以及語料調(diào)查來揭示以上四種句型在馬來西亞華語和標準普通話之間的語法差異,并探討馬來西亞境內(nèi)的其它語言對馬來西亞華語的影響,其中包括馬來西亞境內(nèi)的粵方言、客方言、閩方言、英語以及馬來西亞語。 本論文一共分為七章。第一章緒論,描述馬來西亞華語概況,同時敘述馬來西亞華語的研究、研究意義和本論文所使用的研究理論；第二章涉及研究方案,交代本論文的研究目的是嘗試揭示馬來西亞華語與標準普通話的一些隱性語法差異、120個研究對象的身份背景；說明本論文的調(diào)查問卷之問卷設計,包括問卷測試的目的、問卷問題設定的準則以及問卷問題的內(nèi)容；還對調(diào)查方式與過程、數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計分析方式和一些基本的分析結(jié)果加以敘述；第三章論述“有”字句。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示馬來西亞華語學習者對于“有”字句的掌握能力比較弱,對“有”字的多重語義了解不深,并且普遍認為“有+動詞”是符合現(xiàn)代漢語語法的句法結(jié)構(gòu)。這種“有+動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)源自古代漢語,它被保留在漢語方言里,因為多語交融而被廣泛地運用在馬來西亞華語里。在標準普通話里,“有+動詞”并不是一個符合現(xiàn)代漢語語法的句法結(jié)構(gòu)；第四章探討“把”字句。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示馬來西亞華語學習者雖然對“把”字句擁有良好的判斷能力,卻更偏向于使用“將”字句和“主語+動詞+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)來表達處置義的句子�！皩ⅰ弊志溆捎谌鄙倭酥率沽x和對待義而不能完全代替“把”字句�！爸髡Z+動詞+賓語”句法結(jié)構(gòu)則無法彰顯強烈的表現(xiàn)意義；第五章討論“被”字句。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示馬來西亞華語學習者對“被”字句的運用并不十分熟悉與了解。在馬來西亞華語里,“給”字句經(jīng)常代替“被”字句作為表被動義的句式。被動義“給”源自于南方官話,后來被馬來西亞華語沿用至今。馬來西亞華語學習者也常�；粍泳錇橹鲃泳�,從而避開使用“被”字句；第六章探討差比句。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示馬來西亞華語學習者的否定式差比句比肯定式差比句的掌握能力弱一些。馬來西亞華語學習者在作比較之時,更偏愛用“形容詞+過”句式。第七章則是研究結(jié)論：(1)馬來西亞華語與標準普通話的確有語法上的差異；(2)根據(jù)問卷調(diào)查顯示,馬來西亞華語學習者并不完全了解與掌握標準普通話的語法,這包括“有”字句、“把”字句、“被”字句以及差比句的句法結(jié)構(gòu)；(3)在“有”字句研究方面,“有+動詞”句式經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在馬來西亞華語里,盡管它在標準普通話里還不算是個正式的用法；(4)在“把”字句研究方面,“將”字句取代“把”字句作為處置標記的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生于馬來西亞；(5)在“被”字句研究方面,“給”字句取代“被”字句作為被動標記的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生于馬來西亞；(6)在差比句研究方面,“比較主體+動詞+過+比較客體”句式經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在馬來西亞華語里；(7)總的來說,馬來西亞華語比標準普通話更“文”,書面語色彩比較濃,特別是“有”字句、處置句以及被動句,因為它們繼承與發(fā)展古代漢語的語法現(xiàn)象。 本論文的不足之處包括語料覆蓋面還有待進一步擴展；以及對語法知識的描寫還有待進一步細化。
[Abstract]:As an out - of - the - art variant of modern Chinese , the Chinese language of Malaysia is different from standard Mandarin in many ways . The thesis is based on the Chinese grammar of Malaysia . The four types of sentences studied are " have " , " put " the word , " sentence " and the difference ratio .

This paper reveals the grammatical differences between the above four types of Chinese and standard Mandarin by questionnaire and corpus investigation , and probes into the influence of other languages on Chinese language in Malaysia , including Cantonese dialect , Hakka dialect , Min dialect , English and Malay language in Malaysia .

This thesis is divided into seven chapters . The first chapter introduces the general situation of Chinese language in Malaysia , and describes the research , research significance and the research theory used in this thesis .
The second chapter deals with the research project , and the purpose of this thesis is to try to reveal some tacit grammatical differences between Malaysian Chinese and standard Mandarin , and the identity background of 120 research objects ;
Describe the questionnaire design of the questionnaire , including the purpose of the questionnaire , the criteria set by the questionnaire and the contents of the questionnaire .
The way of investigation and process , the statistical analysis of data and some basic analysis results are also described .
The results show that Chinese learners of Chinese language are weak in the ability to master the words " with " , and it is generally accepted that " there are + verbs " are syntactic structures conforming to the grammar of modern Chinese . This " + verb " structure is derived from ancient Chinese , which is widely used in Chinese dialect because of the blending of the multilingual . In standard Mandarin , " + verb " is not a syntactic structure conforming to the grammar of modern Chinese .
In the fourth chapter , the results show that Chinese - language learners in Malaysia , while having good judgment ability , are more inclined to use the word " to use " and " subject + verb + object " structure to express their meaning .
In the Chinese language of Malaysia , the words " give " often replace the words " used " as the passive meaning of the table . The passive meaning " gives " the word " originated in the south and later used by the Chinese language in Malaysia .
In the sixth chapter , the author discusses the difference comparison sentence . The results show that the negative difference of the Chinese language learners in Malaysia is weaker than that of the sentence . In comparison , the Chinese language learners prefer to use " adjective + " periods . Chapter 7 is the study conclusion : ( 1 ) There are grammatical differences between the Malaysian Chinese language and the standard Mandarin .
( 2 ) According to the questionnaire , the Chinese language learners in Malaysia don ' t fully understand and master the grammar of standard Mandarin , which includes the sentence structure of words , words , words and sentences ;
( 3 ) In the study of " Yes " , the sentence pattern of " with + verb " often appears in the Chinese language of Malaysia , although it is not a formal usage in standard Mandarin ;
( 4 ) In the aspect of " putting " the words into Malaysia , the word " to replace " the word " with " as a disposal mark occurs in Malaysia ;
( 5 ) In the study of the word " be " , the phenomenon of " giving " the word " substituted " as a passive mark occurs in Malaysia ;
( 6 ) In the research of the contrast sentence , the sentence pattern of " comparative subject + verb + over + comparison object " often appears in the Chinese language of Malaysia ;
( 7 ) Generally speaking , the Chinese language of Malaysia is more " Wen " than standard Mandarin , and the written language is richer , especially " with " words , disposition sentences and passive sentences , because they inherit and develop the grammar phenomenon of ancient Chinese .

The shortcomings of this paper include that the coverage of corpus is still to be further expanded .
and further refinement of the description of the grammar knowledge .

【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H195

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