本文選題：咿呀學(xué)語(yǔ)　切入點(diǎn)：早期語(yǔ)言　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者已對(duì)語(yǔ)言的區(qū)別性特征之一時(shí)長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行了一系列的探討，但對(duì)漢語(yǔ)低幼兒童語(yǔ)音的時(shí)長(zhǎng)研究很少。本文通過(guò)對(duì)兩名0;9-2;3月齡的南方漢語(yǔ)單語(yǔ)幼兒（一男一女）進(jìn)行跟蹤個(gè)案研究，探討他們輔音的時(shí)長(zhǎng)特征，目的在于為南方漢語(yǔ)幼兒早期語(yǔ)言發(fā)展提供系統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)音研究，并通過(guò)他們所揭示出的語(yǔ)音時(shí)長(zhǎng)變化特征檢驗(yàn)Jakobson (1941/1968)有關(guān)兒童早期語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的非連續(xù)性假說(shuō)和Boysson-Bardies等人(1989)的早期交互假說(shuō)，使人們對(duì)兒童的語(yǔ)音習(xí)得過(guò)程有更深入的認(rèn)識(shí)。本文將具體探討以下三個(gè)問(wèn)題： 1）南方漢語(yǔ)幼兒的輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)變化是否隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而逐漸減��？ 2）性別是否對(duì)南方漢語(yǔ)幼兒的輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)有影響？ 3）基于發(fā)音方式，南方漢語(yǔ)兒童的輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)有何差異？ 在此項(xiàng)跟蹤研究中，受試者是兩名9個(gè)月至2歲3個(gè)月的長(zhǎng)沙漢語(yǔ)幼兒，均為獨(dú)生子女，身體健康，智力、聽(tīng)力和語(yǔ)言能力正常。在家中，南方漢語(yǔ)是主要的交際語(yǔ)言。錄音和攝像每周一次，每次持續(xù)40-60分鐘左右。攝像機(jī)型號(hào)是(SONY)HDR-HCI,錄音筆型號(hào)為(SONY) ICD-SX35。所有語(yǔ)料均在自然狀態(tài)下錄制，錄音和攝像由研究生在受試者家中完成，父母親主要負(fù)責(zé)引導(dǎo)他們說(shuō)話。 本文共有76個(gè)時(shí)段錄音和攝像，總計(jì)提取了836個(gè)有效輔音音段。此外，為了進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，我們對(duì)兩名幼兒父母親（女孩的父親和男孩的母親）的輔音也提取了共計(jì)300個(gè)有效輔音音段。全程分為六個(gè)年齡段：0;9-0;11,1;0-1;2,1;3-1;5,1;6-1;8,1;9-1;11,2;0-2;3。咿呀學(xué)語(yǔ)為0;9-0;11,詞匯階段為1;0-2;3。語(yǔ)料導(dǎo)入電腦之后，首先使用軟件Cool Edit Pro（2.1版本）進(jìn)行分音，然后使用軟件Praat（5.1.37版本）對(duì)語(yǔ)音進(jìn)行標(biāo)注，最后使用腳本文件獲取絕對(duì)時(shí)長(zhǎng)。本文對(duì)語(yǔ)料采用嚴(yán)式國(guó)際音標(biāo)標(biāo)注，語(yǔ)音標(biāo)注由本方向研究者完成，并由兩名漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音專業(yè)研究者核對(duì)，內(nèi)部信度達(dá)97.65%，外部信度達(dá)91.02%。 本文主要有以下發(fā)現(xiàn)： 1）輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)和時(shí)長(zhǎng)變化趨勢(shì) 兩名幼兒的輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)和變化隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而出現(xiàn)逐漸縮短和減少的趨勢(shì),年齡越小輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)下降幅度越大，隨年齡的增長(zhǎng)下降幅度逐漸變小。但在大多數(shù)情況下，這種時(shí)長(zhǎng)及其變化的縮短和減少并不是一致的，兩者往往并不呈現(xiàn)相同的變化趨勢(shì)。此外，女孩咿呀學(xué)語(yǔ)和早期詞匯階段的輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)出顯著差異，而男孩子的卻有，因此對(duì)于幼兒語(yǔ)音發(fā)展的非連續(xù)性這一觀點(diǎn)我們持懷疑態(tài)度。通過(guò)與父母親的比較，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)幼兒在時(shí)長(zhǎng)及其變異上的縮短和減少表現(xiàn)出一種向父母親時(shí)長(zhǎng)特點(diǎn)漂移的趨向性。 2）性別對(duì)幼兒輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)的影響 在大多數(shù)情況下，女孩的時(shí)長(zhǎng)相對(duì)要比男孩的長(zhǎng)一些�；趦捎變涸诹鶄�(gè)年齡段里的輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)的對(duì)比分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在0;9-1;5年齡段，女孩的輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)普遍比男孩長(zhǎng)；而在1;6-1;9階段，男孩的時(shí)長(zhǎng)開(kāi)始逐漸變長(zhǎng)；到2;0-2;3階段，男孩大部分的輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)要比女孩的長(zhǎng)。在對(duì)幼兒父母親輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)女孩父親的時(shí)長(zhǎng)相對(duì)也要比男孩母親的時(shí)長(zhǎng)要長(zhǎng)一些，因此結(jié)果證實(shí)了父母親的語(yǔ)言特征對(duì)幼兒語(yǔ)言發(fā)展有特定的影響。 3）基于發(fā)音方式的輔音音長(zhǎng)差異 從發(fā)音方式看，即使在不同的元音前面，兩位幼兒輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)均呈現(xiàn)“不送氣塞音擦音送氣塞音濁音”的規(guī)律。這一規(guī)律與前人對(duì)成人輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)的研究結(jié)果(邊音和鼻音不送氣塞擦音和塞音擦音送氣塞擦音和塞音)基本相似，唯一的不同點(diǎn)在于前人研究中成人的濁音時(shí)長(zhǎng)最短，而本研究中濁音的時(shí)長(zhǎng)要比其他輔音的更長(zhǎng)。通過(guò)與幼兒的父母親輔音時(shí)長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的這一表現(xiàn)與成人是一致的，這一結(jié)果支持了早期交互假說(shuō)。 通過(guò)這一跟蹤性研究，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了南方漢語(yǔ)幼兒在語(yǔ)言發(fā)展上的一些時(shí)長(zhǎng)特征，對(duì)非連續(xù)性假說(shuō)持懷疑態(tài)度。通過(guò)與他們父母親的對(duì)比，，我們也證實(shí)了父母親對(duì)于幼兒語(yǔ)言的時(shí)長(zhǎng)變化存在影響，支持了早期交互假說(shuō)。
[Abstract]:The domestic and foreign scholars have been one of the distinctive features of the language for a long time to explore a series of Chinese young children, but the length of speech research is few. Based on the two 0; 9-2; 3 month old of the southern Chinese monolingual children (male and female) tracking case study, discuss their consonant length the characteristics, aims to provide speech research system for Southern Chinese children's early language development, and through the voice they reveal the time variation characteristics of Jakobson (1941/1968) on children's early language development non continuity hypothesis and Boysson-Bardies et al. (1989) the early interaction hypothesis, make people have a better understanding of the speech the acquisition of children. This article will discuss the following three questions:
1) does the change of consonant length of Chinese children in southern Chinese gradually decrease with the increase of age?
2) does gender have an impact on the consonant length of the Chinese children in the south?
3) based on the way of pronunciation, what is the difference between the consonant length of the Chinese children in the south?
In this study, the subjects were two and 9 months to 2 years and 3 months Changsha Chinese children are the only child, health, intelligence, hearing and language ability is normal. At home, the southern Chinese is the main communication language recording and video. Each week, each lasting 40-60 minutes. The type of the camera is (SONY) HDR-HCI recorder model (SONY) data were recorded in ICD-SX35. all natural state, recording and video by graduate students completed by the subjects in the home, parents are mainly responsible for guiding their talk.
This paper is divided into 76 periods of recording and video, a total of 836 effective extraction of consonant segment. In addition, in order to compare, we parents of two children (the father of the girl and the boy's mother) the consonants extracted a total of 300 valid consonant segment. The whole is divided into six age groups: 0; 9-0; 11,1; 2,1; 0-1; 3-1; 6-1; 5,1; 8,1; 11,2; 9-1; 0-2; 3. babbled10 0; 9-0; 11, 0-2; 1 stage vocabulary; after the 3. data into a computer, the first use of Cool software Edit Pro (version 2.1) are sound, then use the software Praat (5.1.37 version) of speech tagging, finally using the script file to obtain the absolute length. The corpus by strict international phonogram label, completed by the direction of speech tagging, and checked by the two Chinese speech professional researchers, the internal reliability was 97.65%, external reliability was 91.02%.
The main findings of this paper are as follows:
1) the change trend of consonant length and length
Two children's consonantal intervals and changes with age and gradually shorten and reduce the trend of younger age long consonants decreased, with the increase of age decreased smaller. But in most cases, the length and change of shortening and less is not same. They often do not show the same trend. In addition, the girl babbling and early words stage consonantal intervals do not reflect significant differences, while boys are, so for children's phonological development in non continuity of this view we skeptical. By comparing with the parents, we found that children in shorten the long and variation and the decrease showed a tendency to drift long parents.
2) the influence of sex on the length of consonants
In most cases, when looking for girls than boys long. The comparative analysis of two children in the six age of the consonantal intervals based on, we found that in 0; 9-1; age 5, girls than boys generally long consonants long; and in 1; 6-1; 9 stage, boy the length of time get longer; 2; 0-2; 3 stage, most of the boys than girls long consonants long. In comparison of the parents of consonantal intervals after the data, we found that the girl's father looks on to the boy's mother when the length is longer, so the results confirmed the language characteristics of parents of children's language development has a specific effect.
3) differences in pronunciation based on consonant duration
From the pronunciation, even in front of the different vowels, consonant length of two children showed a "unaspirated fricative voiced aspirated stops" rule. The results of this Law and the predecessors of the adult consonant length (lateral nasal and unaspirated affricates and fricative affricates and stops sending gas basic) similar, the only difference is that adults in previous studies when the length of the shortest voiced, and voiced in the study time longer than other consonants. With parents consonantal intervals for comparison, we found that they are adults and the table is the same, the results support the early interaction hypothesis.
Through this longitudinal research, we found the Southern Mandarin children's language development on some of the characteristics of long, skeptical of non continuity hypothesis. By comparing with their parents, we also confirmed the parents for a long time are changes in children's language, support the hypothesis of early interaction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H193.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前8條

1 林茂燦 ,顏景助 ,孫國(guó)華;北京話兩字組正常重音的初步實(shí)驗(yàn)[J];方言;1984年01期

2 顏景助;林茂燦;;北京話三字組重音的聲學(xué)表現(xiàn)[J];方言;1988年03期

3 冉啟斌;;從音長(zhǎng)論普通話舌尖后塞擦音聲母的性質(zhì)[J];漢語(yǔ)學(xué)報(bào);2007年03期

4 陸致極;普通話雙音詞“重中”式和“中重”式聲學(xué)性質(zhì)初探[J];漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí);1984年06期

5 趙杰;論漢、日兩語(yǔ)不同的音長(zhǎng)特征[J];漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí);2002年04期

6 林茂璨;音高顯示器與普通話聲調(diào)音高特性[J];聲學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1965年01期

7 齊士鈐,張家

本文編號(hào)：1611785