本文選題：三維測量　切入點：時空關(guān)聯(lián)　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自然場景中,有很多現(xiàn)象可以抽象成三維空間的動態(tài)變形運動,例如風(fēng)中飄動的旗幟、水中游動鯊魚的表面、講話時的人臉等等。目前,尚沒有成熟的手段研究這些現(xiàn)象中的三維運動。若能精確得到動態(tài)變形物體的三維運動數(shù)據(jù),一方面對于研究物體的運動規(guī)律,揭示背后隱藏的機理有著重要的科學(xué)意義；另一方面存在著巨大的實際應(yīng)用價值,可以大大推動相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的進步,如影視、動漫、游戲、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)等行業(yè)。為了獲取動態(tài)變形物體的三維運動數(shù)據(jù),本文提出了三種方法。 第一種方法是基于聯(lián)合優(yōu)化的動態(tài)變形表面三維測量及跟蹤方法。該方法是基于圖像塊的被動式測量方法,將圖像劃分成很多小塊,同時考慮立體圖像序列中的立體匹配和時間上的前、后幀之間的圖像塊匹配,采用時空關(guān)聯(lián)的聯(lián)合優(yōu)化方法。優(yōu)化時,假設(shè)立體圖像塊之間是仿射變換,而前、后幀圖像塊之間是平移變換。實驗證明,該方法能有效地獲取時空關(guān)聯(lián)的動態(tài)變形表面的運動數(shù)據(jù)。然而,正是由于采用了聯(lián)合優(yōu)化方法,優(yōu)化時,需要同時考慮較多的參數(shù),為優(yōu)化帶來一定的難度。鑒于此,本文提出了第二種方法。 第二種方法是從最穩(wěn)定區(qū)域進行擴展的三維測量與跟蹤方法。該方法提出了一種基于圖像塊的區(qū)域擴展技術(shù),每次都從最穩(wěn)定的區(qū)域進行擴展,通過獨立的計算圖像像素運動和立體匹配來進行三維的測量和跟蹤。由于分開考慮立體匹配和前、后幀的匹配,優(yōu)化參數(shù)減少,優(yōu)化結(jié)果也更加精確,實驗結(jié)果也證明了這一點。但是,該方法是一種被動式測量技術(shù),需要被測的物體表面有較為豐富的紋理。由于存在這種局限,使用該方法測量較長的立體圖像序列時,會出現(xiàn)累積誤差問題。為了解決誤差累積問題,本文提出了第三種方法,該方法采用了主動式測量技術(shù)。 第三種方法是基于灰度隨機三角形紋理的動態(tài)變形表面三維測量及跟蹤方法。該方法需要在被測物體表面噴涂灰度隨機三角形紋理。該方法中解決了如何產(chǎn)生隨機灰度三角形紋理、如何在立體圖像序列中檢測灰度隨機三角形、如何在立體圖像中匹配三角形,以及如何在圖像序列中跟蹤三角形等一系列問題。實驗證明該方法能精確穩(wěn)定地測量動態(tài)變形表面的三維形狀和三維運動,并且有效地解決了誤差累計和局部光照變化問題。根據(jù)所掌握的資料,這是第一個采用灰度隨機三角形紋理測量動態(tài)變形表面三維形狀和運動的技術(shù)。 對比實驗顯示,本文所提出的三種方法各有特點,但都能有效地獲取動態(tài)變形物體的三維運動數(shù)據(jù),為科學(xué)研究及工程應(yīng)用提供了重要的手段。
[Abstract]:In natural scenes, there are many phenomena that can be abstracted into three dimensional dynamic deformational movements, such as flags fluttering in the wind, the surfaces of swimming sharks in the water, human faces while speaking, and so on. There is no mature method to study the three-dimensional motion of these phenomena. If the three-dimensional motion data of the dynamic deformed object can be accurately obtained, it is of great scientific significance to study the motion law of the object and reveal the hidden mechanism behind it. On the other hand, there is a huge practical application value, which can greatly promote the progress of related industries, such as film and television, animation, games, industrial production and other industries. In order to obtain the three-dimensional motion data of dynamic deformation objects, three methods are proposed in this paper. The first method is based on the joint optimization of 3D measurement and tracking method of dynamic deformed surface, which is a passive measurement method based on image block, which divides the image into many small blocks. At the same time, considering the stereo matching in the stereo image sequence and the image block matching between the pre-frame and post-frame in time, the joint optimization method of space-time correlation is adopted. In the optimization, it is assumed that the block of the stereo image is affine transformation between the blocks. The results of experiments show that the proposed method can effectively obtain the motion data of dynamically deformed surfaces associated with time and space. However, due to the joint optimization method, more parameters should be taken into account at the same time. In view of this, the second method is proposed. The second method is the 3D measurement and tracking method, which extends from the most stable region. 3D measurement and tracking are performed by independent calculation of pixel motion and stereo matching. Due to separate consideration of stereo matching and front and rear frame matching, the optimization parameters are reduced and the optimization results are more accurate. The experimental results also prove this point. However, this method is a passive measurement technique, and the object surface that needs to be measured has abundant textures. Because of this limitation, when using this method to measure long stereo image sequences, In order to solve the problem of error accumulation, this paper presents a third method, which adopts active measurement technique. The third method is dynamic deformation surface 3D measurement and tracking method based on grayscale random triangle texture. This method needs to spray grayscale random triangle texture on the measured object surface. In this method, how to produce gray random triangle texture is solved. Random grayscale triangle texture, How to detect gray random triangles in stereo image sequences, how to match triangles in stereo images, Experiments show that this method can accurately and stably measure the three-dimensional shape and motion of the dynamic deformed surface. The problem of error accumulation and local illumination variation is solved effectively. According to the available data, it is the first technique to measure the 3D shape and motion of dynamically deformed surface by using gray-scale random triangle texture. The comparative experiments show that the three methods proposed in this paper have their own characteristics, but all of them can effectively obtain the three-dimensional motion data of the dynamic deformed object, which provides an important means for scientific research and engineering application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TP391.41

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 鄒丹平;運動粒子群三維軌跡獲取方法研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號：1608676