【摘要】：針對(duì)印歐語(yǔ)系的研究普遍認(rèn)為主語(yǔ)關(guān)系從句(SRs)比賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系從句(ORs)更具加工優(yōu)勢(shì),而漢語(yǔ)研究結(jié)果表明,漢語(yǔ)中的ORs更具加工優(yōu)勢(shì)。此外,開始有研究關(guān)注到,關(guān)系從句的加工過程并不只涉及到句法層面的加工,關(guān)系從句中名詞生命性特征等語(yǔ)義因素也對(duì)這一過程產(chǎn)生較大影響,當(dāng)從句中處于主語(yǔ)位置的名詞具有生命性時(shí),關(guān)系從句的加工難度要比該位置的名詞具有非生命性時(shí)低。基于這些研究成果,本研究以期解決下列三個(gè)問題:(1)中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者在加工英語(yǔ)關(guān)系從句時(shí)能否達(dá)到母語(yǔ)者水平?(2)學(xué)習(xí)者二語(yǔ)水平的高低是否會(huì)對(duì)關(guān)系從句的加工造成影響?(3)關(guān)系從句中所嵌名詞的生命性對(duì)關(guān)系從句的加工會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么作用?為解決以上問題,研究采用事件相關(guān)電位技術(shù)記錄被試的腦電數(shù)據(jù),并結(jié)合SPSS技術(shù)對(duì)所獲數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)被試分為兩組:一組是高水平被試;一組是低水平被試。研究結(jié)果顯示,就行為數(shù)據(jù)而言,高水平被試加工主語(yǔ)關(guān)系從句的反應(yīng)時(shí)要低于低水平的被試,而在正確率上兩組被試并不存在顯著差異。當(dāng)從句中主語(yǔ)為非生命性且賓語(yǔ)為生命性時(shí),被試的反應(yīng)時(shí)要比加工主語(yǔ)為生命性且賓語(yǔ)為非生命性的從句長(zhǎng)。就腦電數(shù)據(jù)而言,高水平的被試在300-400ms的時(shí)間窗口,ORs的加工激活了典型的N400成分,而且當(dāng)從句中的主語(yǔ)為非生命性時(shí),也出現(xiàn)了典型的N400成分。此外,當(dāng)從句類型為SRs時(shí),或者當(dāng)從句中的主語(yǔ)具有生命性時(shí),N400效應(yīng)更為顯著。然而,在550-750ms的時(shí)間窗口,并沒有出現(xiàn)可靠的ERP成分。相較于高水平的被試,低水平的被試在加工四種不同條件的句子類型時(shí)并沒有激活顯著的腦電成分。上述研究結(jié)果表明高水平的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者能夠同本族語(yǔ)者一樣,對(duì)主賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系從句之間的差異非常敏感,而低水平的中國(guó)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者能夠成功對(duì)關(guān)系從句進(jìn)行理解,但在加工過程中無(wú)法對(duì)主賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系從句進(jìn)行明確的區(qū)分;關(guān)系從句中主語(yǔ)為生命性且賓語(yǔ)為非生命性時(shí)會(huì)促進(jìn)關(guān)系從句的加工。這也說明句法和語(yǔ)義在關(guān)系從句的加工過程中是同時(shí)進(jìn)行并相互作用的,并不是單純的句法優(yōu)先或是語(yǔ)義優(yōu)先。
[Abstract]:The research on Indo-European family generally thinks that the subject-relation clause (SRs) has more processing advantages than the object relative clause (ORs), while the Chinese research results show that the ORs in Chinese has more processing advantage. In addition, some researchers began to pay attention to the fact that the processing process of relative clauses is not only related to the processing of syntactic level, but also affected by semantic factors such as the life characteristics of nouns in relative clauses. When the noun in the position of the subject in the clause is lifelike, the processing difficulty of the relative clause is lower than that of the noun in the position. Based on these findings, The purpose of this study is to solve the following three problems: (1) can Chinese EFL learners reach the native language level in the processing of relative clauses? (2) will the level of L2 learners contribute to the processing of relative clauses? (3) what is the effect of the life of the noun embedded in the relative clause on the trade union of the relative clause? In order to solve the above problems, the EEG data of the subjects were recorded by event-related potential technique, and the obtained data were analyzed with SPSS technology. The subjects were divided into two groups: one was high-level subjects and the other was low-level subjects. The results show that, in terms of behavioral data, the reaction time of subjects in high level subjects is lower than that in low level subjects, but there is no significant difference in correct rate between the two groups. When the subject in the clause is inanimate and the object is lifelike, the reaction time of the subjects is longer than the clause in which the processing subject is lifelitic and the object is inanimate. As far as EEG data are concerned, the processing of ORs activates the typical N400 component in the time window of 300-400ms, and the typical N400 component appears when the subject of the clause is inanimate. In addition, the N400 effect is more significant when the clause type is SRs or when the subject in the clause is lifelike. However, in the 550-750ms time window, there is no reliable ERP component. Compared with the high level subjects, the low level subjects did not activate significant EEG components in processing the sentence types of four different conditions. The results show that high level English learners can be as sensitive as native speakers to the differences between subject-object clauses, while low-level Chinese EFL learners can successfully understand relative clauses. However, in the process of processing, there is no clear distinction between the relative clauses of subject and object; When the subject in the relative clause is life and the object is non-life, it will promote the processing of the relative clause. This also shows that syntax and semantics are simultaneous and interact in the processing of relative clauses, not simple syntactic precedence or semantic preference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H319.3

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