【摘要】：類詞綴-wise,同時(shí)具有單獨(dú)詞素和詞綴特征,可加在名詞或部分副詞和形容詞之后構(gòu)成新的副詞或形容詞,幾十年來(lái)日益多產(chǎn),尤其觀點(diǎn)副詞最受矚目。但對(duì)于-wise的語(yǔ)義,語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)域特征及歷時(shí)演變研究不夠全面,缺乏數(shù)據(jù)支持。故本文對(duì)-wise畏開基于語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的歷時(shí)與共時(shí)研究,有利于加深對(duì)于-wise的理解并促進(jìn)該領(lǐng)域的英語(yǔ)詞匯及語(yǔ)法教學(xué)。通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)閱讀,本文歸納了其六大語(yǔ)義類型,分別為方式、方向、技巧、狀態(tài)、位置以及觀點(diǎn)。數(shù)據(jù)方面,本文涵蓋了COCA、COHA、BNC以及TIME四大在線語(yǔ)料庫(kù),獲取并分析頻率、語(yǔ)域、歷時(shí)變化等數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合詞源、句例等對(duì)其進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析。在分析中,我們著重考察-wise如何成為類詞綴；其六大語(yǔ)義類型是通過(guò)何種機(jī)制得以擴(kuò)展,以及其出現(xiàn)的先后順序。本文采取數(shù)據(jù)的量化分析及詞源的質(zhì)化分析結(jié)合的方法來(lái)分析-wise,進(jìn)而得出：類詞綴-wise在美國(guó)和英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)頻率甚高且逐漸被認(rèn)可。從共時(shí)角度來(lái)看,類詞綴-wise,有著比-free要高但略低于-friendly的生產(chǎn)力,根據(jù)典型理論說(shuō)明-wise比-friendly更接近詞綴特征；且在TIME中最為多產(chǎn),鑒于TIME語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的語(yǔ)料大多來(lái)源于報(bào)刊雜志,對(duì)-wise的語(yǔ)域研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其多出現(xiàn)在非正式性的口語(yǔ)性文本中,以及如運(yùn)動(dòng)、娛樂(lè)等“軟”話題或如法律、宗教等權(quán)威話題中；-wise的六大語(yǔ)義中觀點(diǎn)以及技巧最富多產(chǎn)性,-wise多加在抽象名詞后,也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在專有名詞、動(dòng)作名詞、形容詞或副詞之后構(gòu)成新詞,"otherwise"的單頻詞的語(yǔ)義及詞性也有著相似規(guī)律。而對(duì)"otherwise"一類固化詞分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)六大語(yǔ)義遵循方式、方向、技巧、狀態(tài)、位置和觀點(diǎn)的出現(xiàn)順序。從歷時(shí)角度來(lái)看,類詞綴在20世紀(jì)40年代最為多產(chǎn),在20世紀(jì)80年代觸底反彈并有著良好發(fā)展勢(shì)頭,而固化詞除"likewise"和-wise較為穩(wěn)定外,其他均呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì)。本文通過(guò)聚合化、擴(kuò)展、取消分界、固化等語(yǔ)法化的理論闡釋-wis如何發(fā)展為類詞綴,并通過(guò)語(yǔ)義弱化、構(gòu)式詞匯學(xué)中的圖式解釋e六大語(yǔ)義的擴(kuò)展。
[Abstract]:The affix-like affix-wisehas the characteristics of single morphemes and affixes and can be added to nouns or parts of adverbs and adjectives to form new adverbs or adjectives. However, the semantic, grammatical and register features and diachronic evolution of Wise are not comprehensive enough and lack of data support. Therefore, the present study of diachronic and synchronic research on "Wise" based on corpus is helpful to deepen the understanding of -wise and promote the teaching of English vocabulary and grammar in this field. By reading the literature, this paper concludes six semantic types, namely, way, direction, skill, state, position and viewpoint. In terms of data, this paper covers four online corpus of COCAA, COHABNC and TIME, obtains and analyzes the data of frequency, register and diachronic change, and analyzes them in detail with etymology and sentence examples. In the analysis, we focus on how Wise becomes affixes, how the six semantic types of Wise can be extended and the order in which they appear. This paper adopts the method of quantitative analysis of data and qualitative analysis of etymology to analyze -wise.Then, it is concluded that affix-like affix-wise appears frequently in American and British English and is gradually accepted. From a synchronic point of view, the affix-like affix -wisehas a higher productivity than that of a friendly one. According to the typical theory, -wise is more close to affix characteristics than -friendly, and it is the most prolific in TIME, since most of the data of the TIME corpus come from newspapers and magazines. The research on the register of "wise" has found that it often appears in informal spoken texts, as well as in "soft" topics such as sports and entertainment, or in authoritative topics such as law and religion. Among the six semantics of "wise", the most prolific and prolific ideas and techniques are added to abstract nouns, and they also appear after proper nouns, action nouns, adjectives or adverbs to form new words. The semantics and part of speech of "otherwise" single frequency words also have similar rules. On the other hand, through the analysis of "otherwise", it is found that the six major semantics follow the way, direction, skill, state, position and order of appearance. From a diachronic point of view, affixes were most productive in the 1940s, rebounded from the bottom in the 1980s and had a good momentum of development, while the solidified words, except "likewise" and "-wise", all showed a downward trend except for "likewise" and "-wise". In this paper, the grammaticalization theory of aggregation, expansion, elimination of boundaries and solidification is used to explain how Lewis develops into affixes, and through the weakening of semantics, the schemata in lexicology are used to explain the six semantic extensions of "e".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：H314

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