發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-23 22:00

  本文選題：原型范疇　切入點(diǎn)：英漢多義詞“頭”　出處：《山東科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為人類語言中的一種普遍現(xiàn)象,一詞多義一直以來備受不同流派語言學(xué)家們的關(guān)注。傳統(tǒng)的語言學(xué)家側(cè)重于語言內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的研究,忽略了語言與人類認(rèn)知及其所處的客觀世界的關(guān)系,因而未能抓住一詞多義的本質(zhì)。20世紀(jì)70年代認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的出現(xiàn)為一詞多義現(xiàn)象的分析提供了一個(gè)全新的視角。認(rèn)知語言學(xué)家以體驗(yàn)哲學(xué)為基石,強(qiáng)調(diào)作為語言主體的人在一詞多義形成發(fā)展過程中的作用,更好地詮釋了各個(gè)義項(xiàng)之間的關(guān)系及隱藏在一詞多義現(xiàn)象背后的認(rèn)知機(jī)制,極具說服力。本文以原型理論為理論基礎(chǔ),以英漢多義詞“頭”為研究對(duì)象,以多本使用較廣且極具權(quán)威性的詞典為語料,采用定性定量相結(jié)合,描寫解釋相結(jié)合及對(duì)比研究的方法,從認(rèn)知隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻兩個(gè)語義延伸的認(rèn)知機(jī)制著手,深入分析跨語言“頭”的各個(gè)義項(xiàng)在語義范疇化過程中的由來,并將其進(jìn)行分類,最后對(duì)比了英漢兩種不同語言中“頭”詞義延伸的相似性與差異性,且對(duì)造成該現(xiàn)象的原因進(jìn)行了分析。本文的研究成果主要有以下幾點(diǎn)。首先,一詞多義不僅是語言經(jīng)濟(jì)原則的結(jié)果,更是人類認(rèn)知范疇化和概念化的產(chǎn)物。一個(gè)多義詞可被視為一個(gè)原型范疇,各個(gè)義項(xiàng)通過家族相似性聯(lián)系起來。在原型范疇“頭”中,各個(gè)義項(xiàng)的地位不均等。最原始、最典型的義項(xiàng)被稱為原型義項(xiàng),其他義項(xiàng)均通過隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻機(jī)制由原型義項(xiàng)拓展延伸而來,因而被稱為邊緣義項(xiàng),且抽象程度越高,越不具代表性。但無論詞義如何拓展延伸,原型義項(xiàng)和邊緣義項(xiàng)總是通過家族相似性聯(lián)系在一起。其次,概念隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻是英漢多義詞“頭”詞義延伸的兩種認(rèn)知機(jī)制。概念隱喻主要是基于事物之間的相似性原則實(shí)現(xiàn)跨域映射,例如形貌相似、位置相似、功能相似和比例相似;而轉(zhuǎn)喻則是基于鄰近性原則和突顯性原則在同一認(rèn)知域內(nèi)發(fā)生映射。最后,因?yàn)楦拍铍[喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻以人類經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ),不同民族在很多方面的體驗(yàn)是相同或相似的,所以多義詞“頭”在英漢語言中存在許多相同或類似的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻。然而,對(duì)隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻的理解又在很大程度上受特定民族文化的影響,導(dǎo)致了英漢多義詞“頭”的詞義延伸也存在個(gè)性差異。但是總體而言,相似性多于差異性。
[Abstract]:As a common language phenomenon, polysemy has attracted much attention of linguists from different schools. The traditional linguists focus on the internal structure of language, ignoring the relationship between language and human cognition of the objective world and the, provides a new perspective and analysis failed to seize the polysemy the essence of the.20 century in 70s of cognitive linguistics to polysemy. Cognitive linguists to experience philosophy, emphasizing the language as a subject who formed a role in the development of polysemy, a good interpretation of the relationship between these meanings and the cognitive mechanism behind the phenomenon of polysemy, very convincing force. This paper based on prototype theory as the theoretical basis, with Chinese and English polysemous words "head" as the research object, the more widely used and highly authoritative dictionary for data mining Use the qualitative description method, comparative research and interpretation of the combination, to extend from the cognitive mechanism of cognitive metaphor and metonymy two semantic, in-depth analysis of the origin of cross language "of each item of head" in the semantic category in the process, and its classification, comparison of the English and Chinese two languages the "head" meaning extension of the similarities and differences, and the causes of the phenomenon are analyzed. The research results of this paper are as follows. Firstly, polysemy is not only the result of language economy principles, is a product of human cognition category and concept of a polysemous word can be. As a prototype, the various meanings through family resemblance together. In the prototype "head", not equal status. Each item of the most original, the most typical meanings are called prototypical meanings, all other meanings through metaphor And by the metonymic mechanism prototype category extension to, so it is called the edge of meaning, and the abstract degree is higher, the less representative. But no matter how the meaning extension, prototypical meanings and fringe items always linked together with family resemblance. Secondly, conceptual metaphor and metonymy is English Polysemous Words "head" the two cognitive mechanisms of semantic extension. Conceptual metaphor is the main principle of similarity between things to achieve cross domain mapping based on, such as the similar morphology, location similarity, functional similarity and similar proportions; while metonymy is the principle of proximity and prominence principle mapping in the same cognitive domain. Based on the conceptual metaphor and finally, because metonymy based on human experience, different ethnic groups in many aspects of the experience is the same or similar, so the polysemous word "head" in English and Chinese languages have many same or similar metaphorical and metonymic however, The understanding of metaphor and metonymy is largely influenced by the specific national culture, which leads to the individual differences in the extension of meanings of English Polysemous Words. But in general, similarities are more than differences.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H313;H136

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